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Function of Iron (Fe)
- Blood Formation
- (Fe is part of hemoglobin 血红蛋白 which is part of the Red Blood Cell which is invloved in blood formation)
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Heme Iron can be found in
Red meat
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Meat is the most biologically available food source of
Iron
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enriched bread is a source of
Iron (non-heme iron)
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milk is a poor souce of
Fe and Vitamin C
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Factors affecting Iron Absorption
Body's need for iron (large dose with ↓ need = ↓ absorption)
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Caffeine ( from coffee, tea, cola ) ↓ ________?
- decreases Fe absorption
- consume no more than 24 total ounces per day
-
The meal with most iron absorption
red meat, sources of vitamin C, no caffeine
Sources of Vitamin C (starwberries and peppers)
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Woman in child bearing years have ↑______ so they are at ↑ risk of ________ ( _______ )?
have ↑ Fe needs so they are at an increased risk of Fe deficient ( Anemia )
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Fe deficient is _____ ?
Anemia (贫血)
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Iron deficiency may result from
- decreased Fe in the diet
- blood loss
- decreased absorption
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Symptoms of Anemia(Iron Deficiency)
- ↓ red blood cells (红血球)
- fatigue (疲劳)
- apathy (暮气--散漫)
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the iodization of NaCl (salt) has ↓
the incidence of goiter (癭病-- 甲状腺肥大)
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Iodine Deficiency is what kind of disease
Goiter
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Goiter (瘿病)
swelling (肿胀) of the neck as a result of the enlargement of the thyroid gland (甲状腺肥大)
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decreased iodine can cause
enlargement of the thyroid gland
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↓ Zinc = ↓ ________
↓ taste acuity 味觉敏锐(hypogeusia)味觉衰退
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Function of Zinc
- reproduction 生殖
- affects taste 影响味道
- wound healing伤口愈合
- growth 生长
- zinc acts in metallogenzymes 作为金属酶
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Food Sources of Zinc 锌
meat, seafood, and whole grains
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Function of Selenium 硒
- functions as antioxidant along with
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin E
- Beta carotene
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4 antioxidants? 是
Selenium, Vitamin C, Vitamin E , and beta carotene
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Function of Boron 硼
prevents bone loss in post menopausal women 防止绝经后妇女的骨质流失
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Functions of Vitamin C
- Collagen formation 胶原蛋白的形成
- ↓ Cancer and Common Cold 抗癌症和缓解感冒
- ↓Formation of Nitrosamines减少亚硝胺的形成
- Facilitates the mineral (Fe) 促进矿物质(铁)
- Antioxidant 抗氧化
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Collagen
- a cement 水泥 like protein substance that binds cells together
- part of connective tissue 结缔组织
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Vitamin C facilitates the mineral, ______, to be absorbed ?
Iron
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Vitamin C may alleviate the perceived severity of the symtoms of a cold
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Vitamin C helps to decrease the formation of nitrosamines亚硝胺
nitrosamines - cancer causing agents found in cured meats 腊肉
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Cured meats (source of nitrosamines) 8 个
Bacon, Ham, Hotdog, Polony, Pepperoni, Sausage, Scrapple, Salami
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Food Source of Vitamin C
- Cabbage family vegetables (broccoli)
- Cantaloupe
- Citrus 柑橘
- Kale 羽衣甘蓝
- Peppers
- Potatoes
- Strawberries
- Tomatoes
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Best Source of Ascorbic Acid (抗坏血酸) & Beta Carotene (β-胡萝卜素)
Fruit & Vegetables
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Deficiency of Vitamin C is called _________ disease
Scurvy (坏血病)
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Symtoms of Scurvy (坏血病)
- Swollen Gums 牙龈红肿
- Bruise easily 容易挫伤, 青肿
- Reopening of old wounds (not enough collagen) 重开旧的伤痛(没有足够的胶原蛋白)
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Functions of Folate (Folic Acid, Folacin) 叶酸
- 1. prevents and cures megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia (大细胞性贫血) normal nerve functioning. cells are immature (细胞是未成熟的)
- 2. involved in blood formation
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Blood Formation (4个)
- Folate (叶酸)
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin B12
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Folate need ↑ when _________ ↑(during_____ & ______)
- Blood volume ↑
- during pregnancy & lactation
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Women in child bearing (生育) years need folate to
prevent the childhood birth defect, spina bifida (脊柱裂)
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1998, FDA mandates folate to be added to ______ products to ↓ the incidence of ____
all grain products to decrease the incidence of spina bifida
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Food Sources of Folate
- Concentrated Sources: source of Vitamin B (wheat germ小麦胚芽, liver肝, kidney肾, yeast酵母, and mushrooms蘑菇)
- Significant Sources: Fruits and Vegetables
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Functions of Cobalamin (B12)
- 1.) prevents and treats pernicious anemia (恶性贫血) without normal nerve functioning. cells are large and immature (细胞是未成熟的)
- 2) involved in blood formation with B6, Vitc, Floate, and B12
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4 Vitamins involved in blood formation ?
- Folate (叶酸)
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin B12
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Food Sources of B12
- animal origin, with meat bing the best source
- roast beef, chicken, steak, turkey
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Strict vegetarians (vegan) must supplement with
B12
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what 3 Vitamins are toxic when consumed in large amounts (3个)
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
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Functions of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
primarily in protein metabolism (involved in transamination and deamination)
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Fat Soluble Vitamins (4个)
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
(ADEK)
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Fat Soluble Vitamins are affected by
- impaired fat digestion 脂肪消化受损
- bile 胆汁
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Precursor (前兆) of Vitamin A
Carotene (Yellow plant pigment) 胡萝卜素(黄色植物的色素)
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Functions of Vitamin A
Vision - allows vision to dim light昏暗的灯光下 (Prevent Xeropthelmia - night-blindness 夜盲症)
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Carotene 胡萝卜素 stored in the
Fat Tissue 脂肪组织 & Adrenal Glands 肾上腺
maybe responsible for the yellowish tinge to the skin when grearter amounts are consumed and accessed or stored
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Carotenoids are phytochemicals (植物化学物质) which ↓
↓ the risk of heart desease and cancers
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Deeper yellow, orange and green = ↑
↑ Vitamin A and Carotene
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Q: which has more Vitamin A?
1. Corn vs. Sweet Potato
2. Iceberg lettuce vs. Romaine lettuce
- 1. Sweet Potato
- 2. Romaine lettuce
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Deficiency of Vitamin A causes
- changes in the skin
- Form of Dermatitis = Folliculitis 毛囊炎
- changes in the eyes (cornea) 角膜
- night blindness
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Examples of Deeper yellow, orange and green (↑ Vit A & Carotene)
- romaine lettuce
- sweet potatoes
- carrot
- pumpkin
- tomatoes
- cantolope
- papaya
- mango
- peach
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example of Bio-technology (bio-engineer food and genetic modified food)
Golden rice
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Vitamin A would be toxic if consume too much
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precursor in the _________ is converted by ________ to make Vitamin D
Skin UV Rays
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Vitamin D also known as the ______________
Sunshine Vitamin
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Elderly are at an ↑ risk of Vitamin D deficiency due to ___________ & __________ (2个原因)
- ↓ exposure to the sun
- ↓ milk intake
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children who fail to have a good ____________ = rickckets
calcium / phosphrous ration in bone
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Adult Rickets is called ___________ ?
Ostomalacia (软骨病)
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Calcium requirement for 19-24 year olds:
1300 mg
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Vitamin E neutralizes free radicals preventing them (自由基) to increase cellular damage (细胞损伤)
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free radicals are formed by (4)
- 1. Breathing
- 2. Pollution
- 3. Somking
- 4. UV exposure
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Vitamin E as antioxidant to protects oxidation of ___________ which decreases underarm odor (腋臭)
Fatty Acid
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Food Sources of Vitamin E
Vegetable Oils & Soybean Oils
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Deficiencies of Vitamin E shows up in premature infants and in people suffering from malabsorption (Cystic Fibrosis) 囊性纤维化
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Sources of Vitamin K
green leafy vegetables AND from the synthesis of the vitamin by intestinal bacteria
Spinach & Asparagus provide Vitamin K and Folate
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Newborns don't have the bacteria that synthesizes Vit K so___________
supplement K are recommended
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