-
the main classes of psychedelics are
- indole psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin) have a indole ring shape giving them their name
- Phenylalkylamines (mescaline, "ecstasy")
- others (ketamine, PCP, etc)
- Cannabinols
-
the effects of psychedelics depend on
- the size of the dose
- past experience with the drug
- emotional makeup
- mood
- surroundings
-
emotional/mental effects
- illusions
- delusions
- hallucinations
-
illusions
mistaken perceptions
-
delusions
mistaken ideas or beliefs
-
hallucinations
sensory experiences not related to reality
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LSD made illegal
February 1, 1996
-
Founder of LSD
Dr. Albert Hoffman found accidentally in 1943
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Most LSD manufactured in
San Francisco Bay area
-
nations annual consumption of LSD
11 lbs
-
Crystalline LSD is Dissolved in alcohol
- drops are put on blotter paper, pills, powders, microdots.
- each drop usually contains 10 to 50 micrograms or mics
-
effectss of LSD are
- dose dependent
- 30-50 micrograms act as stimulant with mild euphoria
- 150-300 micrograms produce hallucinations
-
LSD stimulates specific serotonin receptors called
5HT2A receptors
-
LSD effects begin
15-60 min after ingestion
-
mental effects of LSD
- sensory distoriton including synesthesia (mixing of the senses)
- dreaminess, depersonalization
- altered mood, impaierd concentration
- difficulty in expressing oneself
- loss of judgement; diminishment of self-preservation instincts
-
bad trips
- usually occur with new users or experienced users who take too much
- reactions include anxiety, fear, and paranoia
-
unusual for first time users to
experence permanent psychotic or schizophrenic disability
-
1957 life magazine
introduced psychedelic mushrooms to americans
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there are about __ species of mushrooms
75
-
doses of __mg to __mg of mushrooms cause sensory distortions.
10-60
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effects of mushrooms
- initially nausea then chages in visceral sensations
- changes in sight
- changes in hearing
- changes in taste
- changes in toughc
- altered states of consciousness
- sensations similar to LSD but with less disassociation and panic
-
morning glory seeds contain a mild LSD like substance
several hundered seeds are needed to obtain an effect
-
henylalkylamine psychedelics
- related to adrenalin and amphetamins
- effect take longer to appear then LSD or other indole psychedelics
-
Mescaline (peyote)
is the active component of peyote and San Pedro cacti
-
effects of phenylalkylamine psychedelics
- seven to eight buttons is average dose
- effects last twelve hours and are similar to LSD. very colorful visions and hallucinations are common
- each use is accompanied by severe vomiting
-
MDMA (ecstacy)
schedule I drug in 1988
-
Dosages of ecstacy range from
75 to 125 mg ($10-40 but higher during shortages
-
physical effects (ecstacy)
- increased heart rate and respiration
- sweating
- hyperactivity
- brucism (clenching of the teeth)
-
high doses of ecstasy lead to
- malignant hyperthermia
- water toxicity
- seziur activity
-
mental effects MDMA (ecstacy)
- last 3-4 hours
- feelings of happiness
- increased empathy
- more self-awareness
- heightened self-esteem
- clarity
- mild distortions of perception
-
MDMA works by
causing a massive release of seotonin form pre-synaptic vesicles.
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Ketamine also known as
Special-K
-
Ketamine is an
- animal and human anesthetic
- diverted form medical and veterinary supplies for illegal use
-
Ketamine produces
- a dreamlike state with mild euphoria and illusions which last abou 6 hours
- pain sensation is also reduced
-
Phyencyclidine also known as
- PCP
- angel dust
- peep
- KJ
- Shermans
-
Phencyclidine once used as
- a human and veterinary anesthetic
- discontinued due to toxic side effects
-
Effects of Phencyclidine
- toxic effects are frequent and severe
- mental effects include sesory deprivation and "mind-body" seperation
-
high dose of Phencyclidine
- catatonia
- coma
- convulsions
- it does not impart super human strenght but reduces response to painful stimuli
-
Salvia Divinorum is a member of the
sage family and has been used for centuries by medicine men of the Soerra Madre in northeastern Mexico
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Salvia Divinorum active ingredient is
Salvinorum A
-
effects of salvia divinorum last
7-10 minutes when smoked
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Marijuana plant also called
- cannabis or hemp
- hemp is the male species of plant
-
historically marijuana was used as
- a medicine
- fiber sources
- intoxicant in India China and the American colonies
-
360 different chemicals in marijuana __ of which have psychoactive effects
- 30
- delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most potent
-
1992 specific receptors that bind ___ were discovered in the brain
THC
-
1995 the first endogenous neurotransmitter that binds these receptors was discovered and named...
- anandamide
- all of the chemicals that bind THC receptors are classified s endocannabinoids
-
CB1 receptors are found mostly in the brain in areas that...
- regulate short term memory (hippocampus)
- onse sense of novelty (amygdala)
- and the sensory appeal of food (hypothalamus)
-
Cannabis indica is
a shorter bushier version of cannabis sativa (cannabis) sometimes called skunk weed because of the strong odor
-
in india leaves stems and flowers are used to produce different potencies
- bhang is made from leaves and stems with the lowest potencies
- ganja is made from stronger leaves and flowering tops
- hashish is made from the resin and is the richest in THC
-
Drug tests for THC
- someone not a frequent user would test negative 24-72 hours after smoking a joint
- chronic users a month to pass
-
physical effects of marijuana
- sedation
- bloodshot eyes
- increase in appetite
- increase in heart rate
- loss of muscular coordination
- decreased traking ability
- overdose is extremely rare
-
smoking marijuana
damages lungs and breathing passages and increases risk of lung cancer, bronchitis and emphysema
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