What has to occur for an electron to transfer energy levels?
the electron has to either gain or release the exact energy difference between the two levels it is moving between
Schrodinger
quantum model
fixed the energy of an electron
Proton defines
identity
Electron defines
reactivity
What force holds a nucleus together?
strong force
What force attract electrons to nucleus?
electrostatic attractions
Which is a greater attraction?
Strong force or Electrostatic attraction
strong force
average atomic mass
the weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element
atomic mass unit (amu)
1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Hund's rule
every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.
1A
alkali metals
2A
Alkaline earth metals
6A
chalcogens
7A
Halogens
8A
noble gases
group 1A-7A
representative elements
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
increasing atomic number
How did Mendeleev arrange the elements on the periodic table?
increasing atomic mass
period
(left to right)
what does a period represent?
principal energy level
group
vertical
what does a group represent?
elements with similar properties and reactivities
metals (4)
make up most of elements
good conductors of electricity
solids at room temp (except mercury)
ductility and malleability
nonometals (4)
most are gases at room temp
opposite of metals
poor conductors
brittle
as we move away from the nucleus, the hold on any electrons ________.
decreases
as we move toward the nucleus, the hold on any one electron ______
increases
effective nuclear charge
average charge each electron feels
effective nuclear charge _____ across a period
increases
atomic radius
period: decreases
-b/c electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus due to increasing enc
group: increases
-
inclusion of additional levels
cation
net positive charge of an atom
anion
net negative charge of an atom
oxidation state
charge of an ion after gaining/losing electrons
cations are _____ than parent atoms
smaller
ionization energy is..
the energy required to remove an electron from the atom
anions are _____ than their parent atoms.
larger
first ionization energy
period: increases
- due to increased enc
group: decreases
-decreased proximity of the electrons to the nucleus
electronegativity is...
ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons
electronegativity
period: increases
-increased enc
group: decreases-due to decreased proximity of the electrons to the nucleus
Energy or Wavelength =
E =hc or λ=hc
λ E
Energy =
E=hv
C =
C=vλ
Author
Anonymous
ID
189155
Card Set
Chemistry Unit 5 Exam
Description
chem unit 5 cumulative review cards: scientists, subatomic particles,