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In __________ therapy, an attempt is made to improve physiologic support for adequately planned and programmed speech.
dysarthria
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In _______ therapy, treatment focuses on reestablighing plans or programs or improving the ability to select or activate them or set the parameters for speech movements in a given context that will then be executed by an intact neuromuscular apparatus
aos
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Aphasia is present in a high proportion of those with _____ because of the overlap of lesion sites that are associated with the two disorders.
aos
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What 3 ways does aphasia influence aos treatment?
- 1- it affects language functions in all modalities
- 2- aphasia affects verbal expression
- 3- aphasia may be so severe that verbal communication would not be functional even if motor speech ability was intact.
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Treatment for aos should focus on task that provide the greatest __ benefit most rapidly or that provide the best foundation for improvement over the course of tx.
functional
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Managing aos is primarily a __________ enterprise.
behavioral
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There are ______ medical interventions specifically designed to improve aos for which there is strong evidence for efficacy.
NO
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Mechanical and prosthetic devices is appropriate for some people with aos but is almost always _________ and primarily intended to stimulate improved speech without the prosthesis.
temporary
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AOS is predominantly a disorder of ___ and _____.
articulation and prosody
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Tx is rarely focused on _________, ___________, or _________ for any patient with aos besides the most severely impaired patients.
resonance, respiration, phonation
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______________ speech is easier than volitional purposive speech.
automatic/reactive
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________ distinctions are easier than voicing distinction, which are easeier than manner distinctions, which are easier than place distinctions.
oral/nasal
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_______ and _________ places of articulation are easier than other places of articulation.
bilabial and lingual/alveolar
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Consonant singletons are easier than _____.
clusters
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__________ frequency words are easier than _______ frequency words, and meaninggul words are easier than nonsense words.
high, low
-
_______ syllable words are easier than multisyllabic words, and words are easier than phrases or sentences.
single
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Combined ________ and _________ stimulation lead to more accurate responses than auditory or visual stimulation alone.
visual and auditory
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production of ______ words are easier than productions of unstressed words.
stressed
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Working on _____ stimulable targets may promote better generalization even if initial acquisition is more difficult.
less
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Tx for aos does not require efforts to increase ________ support for speech.
physiologic
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Using speech stimuli as targets usually is more appropriate than _______ stimuli.
nonspeech
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when aos is so severe that sounds or sound segments cannot be produced, work on nonspeech _____ or movement sequences may be appopriate because tx should begin at a level at which some succes can occur.
postures
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Nonspeech oromotor practice should always involve movement targets or patterns that closely approximate speech _________.
gestures
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Every specific behavioral tx approach for aos emphasizes _______.
drill
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patients should be urged to _______ their speech, search for correct targets, and self-correct errors
monitor
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________ and ___________ are motivating and more meaningful and specific to the ultimate goal of tx.
words and phrases
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Consistent and variable practice should be used with aos and _________ practice should be used as soon as progress can be demonstrated in response to it.
variable
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5 types of behavioral management approaches?
- 1- the 8 step continuum for txing aos
- 2- sound production tx
- 3- prompts for restructuring oral muscular phonetic targets (prompt)
- 4- melodic intonation therapy
- 5- biofeedback
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_________ regimens may help to reduce dysfluencies for neurogenic stuttering.
drug
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behavioral tx of ns should be deferred until after and related ________
neurosurgery
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neurogenic dysfluencies may be modified by _________ strategies that are effective for modifying rate in people with dysarthria or aos.
speech rate-reduction
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Little is known about tx of palilalia but patients with palilalaia and pd may improve with _____ management
drug
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Management of aphasia and aos and dysarthria are quite different and the tx of one disorder cannot be expected to ________ deficits in the others.
remediate
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________ for patients with aprosodia may help patients and their families
counseling
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Patients with psychogenic speech disorders dcan be managed effectively by slp and their prognosis for recovery is usually _______.
good
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For psychogenic speech disorders the clinician attitude and manner of relating to the patient is ____--
crucial
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Therapy for psychogenic speech disorder is best conducted following ________ of all relevant medical evaluations
completion
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The _______ history is crucial to both diagnosis and management.
psychosocial
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_______ tx usually involves the identification of abnormal behaviors and the gradual behavioral shaping of more normal speech responses with continuous explanantion and reinforcement for change.
syptomatic
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Syptomatic therapy involved efforts to reduce excessive musculoskeletal tension and the gradual shaping of normal _______ and ________. A high portion of patients respond well to symptomatic therapy.
phonation and fluency
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