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- author "me"
- tags "Test 2 "
- description "Cardiology"
- fileName "Test 2 cardio"
- freezingBlueDBID -1.0
- What are agranulocytosis?
- Severe reduction in the number of granulocytes. WBCs Decrease in 200/mm3
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What does this person have?
Flu like symptoms
Symptoms of infection
Ulceration of the mucous membranes.
Agranulocytosis
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What are two broad spectrum antibiotics?
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What is leukemia?
Abnormal proliferation of blood cells, usually WBCs
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What type of leukemia is rapid onset?
Acute leukemia
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What type of leukemia pt live longer
Chronic leukemia
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Infection number 1 for nanda diagnosis?
Leukemia
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Leukemia AML age effected?
Teen to mid 20s
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Leukemia with ALL age effected?
Kids
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If they have extreme elevation in WBCs and anemia?
Leukemia
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The two types of chemo mostly used?
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What is multiple myeloma?
Malignant neoplastic immunodeficiency disease of the bone marrow. Breakdown of bone causes pathological fractures
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Clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma?
- Bone pain
- Infection
- ANEMIA
- RENAL FAILURE due to calcium
- PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURES
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What disease do you have to treat pain, fluid increase and make the patient keep moving and get out if bed?
Multiple myeloma.
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What is CRAB?
- C calcium elevated
- R renal failure
- A anemia
- B bone lesion
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Lymphatic system functions
- Maintenance of fluid balance
- Production of lymphocytes
- Absorption and transportation of lipids from the intestine to the bloodstream.
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What are the three parts of the lymphatic systemm?
- Lymphatic...
- ...vessels
- ...fluid
- ...tissue
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What is lymph fluid?
Pale yellow, moves from the plasma through the capillary walls and becomes interstitial fluid.
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What is lymph nodes?
Scattered through the body and contain dense patches of lymphocytes and macrophages.
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What are lymph organs?
The tonsils, adenoids, spleen and the thymus.
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What does the thymus do? When does it decreasee?
- T cell develop
- Helps develop immune system
- Produces hormone that growth and activity of lymphocytes throughout the body
- Large when a child and decrease with age
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What are tonsils?
- Produce lymphocytes and antibodies
- Trap bacteria
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What does the spleen do?
- Stores 500ml of blood
- Forms lymphocytes and monocytes.
- Forms plasma
- Destroys RBCs
- Removes bacteria by phagocytosis
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What is a lymph?
- A specialized fluid formed in the tissue space.
- Transported by way of thr lymphatic vessels and reenters the circulatory system.
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What is lymphangitis?
Inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessels.
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Fine red streaks from affected area chills/fever and myalgia are from?
- Lymphangitis
- Enlarged lymph nodes
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What is used to treat lymphangitis?
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What is lymphedema?
Accumulation of lymph in the tissue.
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What are signs and symptoms of lymphedema?
Massive edema and tightness of the affected extremity.
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What is a lymphangiography?
Its to differentiate from venous disorder.
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What are treatments for lymphedema.
- Diuretics
- Antibiotics
- Compression pump
- Elastic stockings
- Monitor diet
- Meticulous skin care
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What is non-hodgkins lymphoma?
- Neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue.
- Effects b-cells
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Pt has anemia, PAINLESS enlarged cervical lymph nodes she has?
Non-hodgkins lymphoma.
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What is a bone scan?
Hot spots showing of cancer cells with nuclear injection
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What is a coombs test?
It shows antibody reaction.
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Labs for Non-hodgkins lymphoma?
- Decreased iron
- Decreased albumin
- Increased in calcium
- Anemia
- Elevated platelet count
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What is a positive reed-sternberg calls?
Hodgkins disease
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What is a negative reed-sternberg calls?
Negative non-hodgkins cells
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Tx for non-hodgkins disease?
- Stage 1 or 2 Radiation
- Stage 3 or 4 Chemotherapy and combination
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Hodgkins disease?
Inflammatory or infectious process that develops into a neoplasm.
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Clinical manifestation of Hodgkins Disease?
- PAINLESS enlargement of cervical lymph nodes.
- Anemia
- Anorexia
- Weight loss
- Pruritis
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What are the two sides of the heart and which side has oxygen?
- Right side has deoxygenated blood
- Left side has oxygenated blood
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How does the blood travel threw the heart?
- Body to right atrium
- To right ventricle
- To pulmonary Vein
- To left atrium
- To left ventricle
- To Aorta
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3 layers of the heart from innermost to outermost?
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Pericardium
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Function of pericardium?
Filled with pericardial fluid to lube friction
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Function of the myocardium
Stimulate contraction threw electrical conduction
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What does the endocardium do?
Paralstasis blood moves et cover valves
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What is the automaticity
The heart can activate an electrical pulse
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What is irritability?
Response to electrical current
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How does the electrical current travel?
- SA node
- Av node
- Bundle of his
- Bundle of branches left or right
- Purkinge fibers
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What are arteries
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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What are veins
Vessels that carry blood to the heart
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What are capillaries
Tiny blood vessels joining the arterioles and venules
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What is systemic circulation
- From left ventricle to body back to atrium
- Deoxygenating blood
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What is pulmonary circulation
- From right ventricle to lungs to left atrium
- Oxygenating blood
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What is a P wave
Depolarization of the atria
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What is a PR interval
Atrial depolarization and impulse travel through the AV node to the ventricles
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QRS complex is?
Depolarization of ventricles
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T wave is?
Repolarization of the ventricles
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What is a ECG?
Graphic representation of cardiac electrical activity
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What are sinus arrhythmias?
Results from changes in intrathoracic pressure during breathing. Heart rate increases
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What is a premature complex?
SA node firing prematurely
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Tachydysrhythmias
Heart rate greater than 100beats min
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Escape complexes
SA node fails to discharge or is blcked
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Premature atrial complexes
Atrial tissue irritable and fires an impulse before next sinus impulse is due. P wave is too early
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Clinical manifestation for PAC
- Decrease caffeine and nicotine
- Premature Atrial Complexes
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Atrial flutter
- Rapid atrial depolarization rate 250-350 times per minute
- AV node blocks impulses to the ventricles.
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Atrial flutter clinical manifestations
- Palpations
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- SOB
- Nervousness
- Angina
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Atrial fibrillation Afib
- Irregular heart rate. Most common
- Atrial foci rate 350-600 times per minute
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What risk is increased with Afib
- Thrombus formation
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- Blood clot
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What is a ventricular dysrhythmia
- Irritable ventricular cells may generate electrical impulses and fire prematurely
- Wide QRS
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What is a Premature ventricular complexe PVC
- Increased irritability of the ventricular cells
- Not getting enough blood in the body
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Clinical manifestations of PVC
- Weak pulses
- Palpations
- Chest discomfort
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Interventions for PVC
- Eliminate caffeine
- Administer oxygen
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What type of drug is metapropalol
Negative inotropic effect
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Ventricular tachycardia V tach
Repetitive firing of an irritable ventricular ectopic focus rate of 140 -180 beats/min
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Interventions of V tach
Oxygen and CPR
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