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Short bones
- are about as long as they are wide (shaped like a wooden block or lego)
- i.e the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of teh ankle.
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Flat bones
- The bone equivalant to squamos cells (wide and thin)
- The sternum is a flat bone
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Irregular bones
- a garbage category for bones that don't have any definable shape
- Ex: the vertebrae
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Sesamoid bone
- "shaped like a sesame seed"
- a small round, flat bone
- cand arise as a result of trauma to muscle
- Sometimes bones of the skull include small sesamoid bones as well.
- the only normal example in humans is the patella.
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Module 9
Graphic objective 14. Identify the bones of the skull on a photograph or diagram.
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Module 9
Graphic objective 15. Identify the bones of the vertebral column on a photograph or diagram. Compare and contrast characteristic features of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae.
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Module 9
Graphic objective 16. Identify the bones of the thorax on a photogragh or diagram.
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Module 9
Graphic objective 17. Identify the bones of the pectoral girdle and upper extremity on a photograph or diagram.
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Module 9
Graphic Objective 18. Idendify the bones of the pelvic girdle and lower extremity on a photogragh or diagram.
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Synarthrotic joints are
not capable of functional movement. Perhaps the joints in your skull can move, but you really would prefer it if they didn't
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Amphiarthrotic joints are
slightly moveable.
Sternocostal (sternum-ribs); pubic symphysis
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Diarthrotic joints are
fully moveable. The shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints are examples of these.
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Arthro- =
Syn- =
Amphi- =
Di-=
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What are the three classification of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
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Describe a fibrous joint
Band of dense irregular connective tissue connects two, or bone and tooth. This is what holds together the bones of the skull; it is also what holds teeth in place.
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Describe a cartilaginous joint
like that between the ribs and the sternum, is where bones are held together by cartilage.
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Describe a synovial joint
a synovial cavity is present and filled with synovial fluid. Articular cartilage covers the bones where they are in contact. The entire structure is contained by a joint capsule.
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Interosseous membrane of the upper and lower extremities is functionally an
amphiarthrotic joint
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Key features of a synovial joint.
- Bones
- -two or more articulating bones
articular cartilage (reduces friction and provides cushion) -hyaline cartilage lining joint surface.
- Joint capsule-fibrous capsule (outer)
- -synovial membrane (inner)
- -synovial fluid (secreted by membrane)
- Bursa
- - fluid-filled sacs near joint that help reduce friction between tendons and bone.
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"One" feature of synovial joints is that since they must allow for free movement, they are often __________ imperfect and subject to damage.
structurally
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One unique feature of the TMJ is the presence of an _______ ____, made mostly of type I collagen, halfway between the cartilaginous surfaces. This divides the synovial cavity into two parts, a ________ compartment and _______ compartment. It is this _______ ____ which, when it becomes inflamed, causes most cases of TMJ pain in patients.
articular disc; superior; inferior; articular disc
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