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In what production cycle do ewes require the highest amount of TDN in their diet?
During the first 6-8 weeks of laction whether suckling twins or singles.
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During what production period does a ewe require the most protein in their diet?
the first 6-8 weeks of lactation. Suckling either twins or a single.
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what numerical scoring system is use to evaluate ewes nutritional status?
- Body Condition Score: based on a 1-5 scale
- 1=Emaciated
- 2=Thin
- 3=Moderate
- 4=Fat
- 5=Obese
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By palpating the topline of the ewes what do we expect to find out?
If you can feel the backbone of the ewes, the ewe is too THIN (Body condition 1 or 2) for the start of the breeding season
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How many weeks out do we need to palpate the topline of our ewes before breeding season?
4 weeks: alows us time to improve their BCS prior to the start of breeding season.
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What do we need to to if we find ewes that are to thin while palpating 4 weeks prior to the breeding season?
Start feeding: at least 1lb of cereal grain or concentrate mix per hd, per day immediately
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At mating, the ideal body condition of a ewe in proper nutritional status for this period of her productive cycle is?
BCS 3
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What is the ideal BCS for a ewe at the end of a pregnancy?
- BCS = 4
- although we do not want to exceed 4.5 at lambing due to potential problems with prgnancy toxemia (ketosis)
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What is the ideal BCS of a Ram at the start of breeding season?
BCS = 3
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For spring lambing ewes, how many pounds of a concentrate mix must be provide in adition to pasture grass for flushing?
1lb of cereal grain or concentrate mix per hd, per day
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During late gestation of a spring lambing ewe grazing warm season variety forages, how many pounds of concentrate mix must be provided?
1-2.5 lbs per hd, per day will be need to satisfy nutrient deficiences
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In a spring lambing program, why is wheat pasture a more desirable forage to use rather than bermudagrass?
- Wheat pasture is at its prime when the ewes in a spring lambing opperation are requiring the most nutrients.
- Bermudagrass is still dormant or just starting to grow when we need the most nutrient requiring us to feed more concentrates.
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How do we deal with possible bloat when feeding ewes on lush vegetative pasture like wheat?
Supplement Poloxalene (bloat gaurd)
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How do we deal with possible grass tetany when utilizing lush vegitative forages like wheat?
Suppplement Magnesium
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How does energy and protein consumption affect wool growth?
- Energy: is typically limiting factor
- Energy: is associated with the quality and availability of forage
- Energy:high quality forage = greater wool production
- Protein: is not limiting for wool production unless intake falls below 80% of requirement
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How soon after birth should a lamb receive colostrum?
- 1 hour of birth
- 12-18 hours colostrum absorption diminishes
- 4-6oz within the 12-18 hour window is recommended
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How much colostrum is recommended for newborn lambs?
4-6 oz within the first 12-18 hours
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What four reasons is colostrum milk vital for the new born lamb?
- Energy dense (fat)
- Easily digestible
- Serves as a laxative and gut stimulant
- source of antibodies (passive immunity)
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Why do lambs require colostrum so early in life?
- absorbtion: absorbtion of the entire immunoglobulin threw the small intestine only happens right after birth.
- After 12-18 hours the immunoglobulins are degredated and aborbed in pieces and provide energy rather than antibodies
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Is there a difference in cold versus warm milk for orphan lambs?
- Nutritionally: no, cold milk is just as nutritius for lambs as warm
- Paletability: yes, lambs like warm milk better but will transition to cold milk after they are used to nursing on something other than ewes
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Why do we feed lambs cold milk?
- Milk will not sour as quickly
- Lambs will consume less per nursing, but will nurse more often.
- should consume 0.5 - 1.0 lb. of milk daily
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What is the recommended protein level of creep rations for lambs under 50lbs? _____ - _____ %
16-18% CP
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How much should a lamb be eating of concentrate at 21 days? ____lb
0.15lbs/ day
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How much concentrate should a lamb be eating at 45-60 days? _____lb
1-1.5lbs /day
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What should the Calcium to Phosphorus ratio be in a beginning lamb ration?
3 to 1 calcium to phosphorus
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What is the recommended protein level of creep rations for lambs over 50 lbs?_____ - _____%
14 - 18 % depending upon body weight and frame size
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Why are there 6-9 different rations sheep are given while being fed in a feed lot?
Microflora: must gradually adjust rumen microflora to igh concentrate diets to prvent acidosis
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A starter ration for sheep would be ___ -___ % Roughage and ___ - ___% concentrate.
- 70 - 80% Roughage
- 20-30 % concentrate
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A finishing ration for sheep would generally be ___- ___% roughage and ___- ___% concentrate.
- 15-30% roughage
- 70-85% concentrate
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What would be the CP% of most rations fed to lambs in the feed lot?
14-18% depending on body weight and frame size
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Why is ammonium chloride included in all finishing rations for lambs?
Urinary Calculi: by adding ammonium cloride to rations at a 0.5% concentration the urine is acidified and will aid in the prevention of calculi (stone) to form
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At what concentration is ammonium cloride added to finishing rations?
0.5%
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What is urinary calculi?
- calculi (stones) that form and get lodged inthe urinary tract preventing urination.
- Stones are generally comprised of phosphate salts.
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What are major causes of urinary calculi?
- Calcium to Phosphorus ratio: if ratio is low phosphate salts will be more likely to from.
- High grain, low roughage diets: ( like finishing rations or show rations) decrease the formation of saliva and therefore, increase the exretion of phosphorus through the urine
- Low water consumption: increased susceptibility
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