Speech Final

bad language, crude humor

insider word specific to situation

the structure is similar

the pattern or melody of pitch changes in connected speech

Physical needs > safety > social needs > self estiem > self actualization

external- facts, stats, scholarly journals, survyes

internal- what the audience already believes and values, opinion

You persuade audiences through one of two routes

• 1. Central Processing- involve the mind, logic, reason
• 2. Peripheral Processing- involve entertainment value, personal style, used to hook audience 

reasons why the evidence works

an assertion of something as fact 

challenging audiences comfort

• Word choice should be familiar 
• sentences
• repetition
• sentence fragments and phrases
• personal pronouns
• concrete or abstract words
• vivid language, imagry
• figurative language

• Dictionary vs word or phrase in association 
• angry vs irate 

• Volume
• Rate
• Pitch
• Pauses (strategic)
• Vocal Variety- use of all of the above
• Avoid Monotone 

• facial expression
• eye contact
• smile 
• gesture

repetition of consonant sounds

something that is documented

words that refer to tangible objects

words that refer to ideas or concepts

discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea

a trite or overused expression

the pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words

the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure

a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is pressented from a brief set of notes

pressenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed

the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication

motions of a speakers hands or arms during a speech

a systematic series of actions that leads to a speccific result or product 

the process of creating reinforcing or changing peoples beliefs or actions

the mental give and take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech

a question about the worth rightness morality and so forth of an idea or action 

a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

a pursuasive speech in which the speakers goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy

 a pursuasive speech in which the speakers goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy

the first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy

the obligation facing a pursuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary

the second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy

the thrid basic issue in analyzing a question of policy 

a method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. Five steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

credibility

the credibility of a pseaker before she or he starts to speak

the credibility of a speaker produced by everything she says and does during the speech

the credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech

 a technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitdues, or experiences of the audience

logical appeal of a speaker

reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion

reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion

an error in reasoning

a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion without sufficient evidence

an analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially alike

a fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second

attacks personinstead of issue

forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist

a fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

emotional appeal