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Bio Chapter 12
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transformation
process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria
nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
base pairing
principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
chromatin
granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
histone
protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
replication
copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
pinocytosis
process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
DNA polymerase
enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
gene
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
messenger RNA (mRNA)
RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
transfer RNA (tRNA)
type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
transcription
process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
promoter
region of DNA that indicates to enzyme where to blind to make RNA
intron
sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
exon
expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
codon
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
anticodon
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
mutation
change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
point mutation
gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
frameshift mutation
mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
polyploidy
condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
operon
group of genes operating together
differentiation
process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
hox genes
series of genes that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo
Author
Anonymous
ID
18875
Card Set
Bio Chapter 12
Description
Bio Vocab. Unit 4
Updated
2010-05-11T22:53:02Z
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