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Orthopedic Impairment
involves skeletal system
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Neuromotor Impairment
involves CNS affects ability to move, use, feel or control certain parts of the body
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Chronic conditions
long-lasting, most often permanent conditions
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Acute Conditions
may produce severe and debilitating symptoms is of limited duration
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Other Health Impairment
limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute health problems
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504 plan
students do not require specialized educational services -- just accomodations in the classroom
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Severe Orthopedic Impairments include:
- Cerebral Palsy
- Spina Bifida
- Hydrocephalus
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Spinal cord injuries
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Cerebral Palsy
- disorder of voluntary movement and posture
- most prevalent physical disability in school age children
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Spina Bifida
vertebrae do not enclose the spinal cord
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Hydrocephalus
cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in tissues surrounding the brain
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Muscular Dystrophy
- progressive weakening and degeneration of the muscles
- little relation between impairment nand intellectual development
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Spinal cord injuries
caused by penetrating injury, fracture, stretching, or compression of spinal cord
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Other Health Impairments include:
- Seizure disorder
- Diabetes
- Asthma
- Cystic Fibrosis
- HIV and AIDs
- ADHD
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Seizure Disorder
CAused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain
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Diabetes
- chronic disorder of metabolism
- body unable to obtain and retain adequate energy from food
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Asthma
chronic lung disease resulting in a narrowing of airways
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Cystic Fibrosis
Body's endocrine glands excrete thick mucus that can block the lungs and parts of the digestive system
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HIV and AIDS
break down in the immune system prevents the body from fighting infections
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ADHD
persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequently displayed and is more severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development
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3 subtypes of ADHD:
- Inattentive type
- Hyperactive-impulsive type
- Combined type
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ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type
Used if 6 or more symptoms of inattention have persistaed for at least 6 months
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ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
Used if 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have persisted for at least 6 months
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ADHD Combined Type
6 or more symptoms of hyperactiovity-impulsivity have persisted for at least 6 months
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Behavioral Interventions
- Applied Behavioral Analysis
- Positive Reinforcement
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Important factors that affect educational needs
- Age of onset
- Visibility
- Severity
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Transdisciplinary Team
- Physical and Occupational Therapists
- Speech therapists
- Health care aides
- and other specialist who frequently provides services to these students
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Physical Therapists are in charge of the
development and maintenance of motor skills, movement, and posture
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Occupational Therapists are in charge of
the child's participation in activities, especially those that will be useful in self-help, employment, recreation, communication and aspects of daily living
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Assistive Technology device
any item, piece of equipment or product system whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified or customuzed, that is used to increase, maintain or improve the functional capabilities of a child with a disability
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Assistive technology service
any service that directly assists a child with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device
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Low tech
flexible drinking straw, adapted eating utensils, wheelchair, glasses, a "grabber" or "reacher"
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Individualized Health Care Plan
identifies special health related needs
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