-
Sulfonylureas- brands
- 1st gen- Orinase, Diabinese
- 2nd gen- Glucotrol, Micronase, Amaryl
-
Sulfonylureas- description
- Oral Agent
- *Stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells.
- Decrease the secretion of glucagon.
- Increases sensitivity to insulin.
- Decreases glycogenosis and gluconeogenesis.
- Can be used with Metformin or thiazolidinediones.
-
Meglitinides- brands
Starlix, Prandin
-
Meglitinides- description
- Oral Agent
- Stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells.
- Must take within 15-30 minutes of a meal.
- Can be used with Metformin and thiazolidinedoines.
-
Biguandines- brands
Metformin, Glucophage
-
Biguandines- description
- Oral Agent
- Decreases/inhibits liver glucose production.
- Improves tissue sensitivity to insulin.
- Improves glucose uptake by tissues, especially muscles.
- Improves insulin action.
- Also used for prevention in prediabetes.
- Most commonly used OA for Type 2. **First choice drug.
-
a-glucosidase inhibitors- brands
Precose, Glyset
-
a-glucosidase inhibitors- description
- Oral Agent
- Blocks digestion of starches.
- Blocks conversion of carbs to glucose.
- Starch blocker.
- Taken with first bite of food.
- Most effective at lowering post-prandial blood glucose.
-
Thiazolidinediones- brands
Avandia, Actos
-
Thiazolidinediones- description
- Oral Agents
- Improves insulin sensitivity, transport, and utilization at target tissues.
- Decreases insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake in muscles (making muscle and adipose tissue more sensitive to insulin).
- Decreases insulin production.
- Most effective drug for people w/ insulin resistance.
-
DPP-4-Inhibitors- brands
Saxagliptin, Stagliptin, Januvia
-
DPP-4-Inhibitors- description
- Oral Agents
- Increases incretin system.
- Increases release of insulin.
- Decreases glucagon secretion from beta cells by enhancing the incretin system.
- Decreases glucose production from liver.
- Decreases gastric emptying.
- **Absence of weight gain as a side effect.
-
Insulin locations-
Fastest to slowest
Abdomen, Deltoid, Thigh, Buttocks
-
Rapid Acting Insulin-
brands
- Lispro/ Humalog
- Aspart/ Novalog
- Glulisine/ Apidra
-
Rapid Acting Insulin-
onset
10-15 minutes
-
Rapid Acting Insulin-
peak
30-90 minutes
-
Rapid Acting Insulin-
duration
2-5 hours
-
Rapid Acting Insulin-
description
- Must eat within 15 minutes.
- Clear
-
Short Acting Insulin-
brands
- (Regular)
- Humulin R
- Novolin R
-
Short Acting Insulin-
onset
- IV- 10-30 minutes
- SubQ- 30-60 minutes
-
Short Acting Insulin-
peak
- IV- 15-30 minutes
- SubQ- 2-4 hours
-
Short Acting Insulin-
duration
- IV- 30-60 minutes
- SubQ- 3-6 hours
-
Short Acting Insulin-
description
- Clear.
- Only insulin that can be given by IV.
- Given for DKA, HHNS.
- Must eat within 15-30 minutes
- May be combined with intermediate acting insulin for long term control.
- Is type of insulin used when sliding scale is ordered.
-
Intermediate Acting Insulin-
brands
- NPH Insulin (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn)
- Humulin N, Novolin N
-
Intermediate Acting Insulin-
onset
2-4 hours
-
Intermediate Acting Insulin-
peak
4-14 hours
-
Intermediate Acting Insulin-
duration
-
Intermediate Acting Insulin-
description
- Cloudy.
- Commonly used for long term administration.
-
Long Acting Insulin-
brands
Glargine/ Lantus
-
Long Acting Insulin-
onset
1-4 hours
-
Long Acting Insulin-
peak
No peak
-
Long Acting Insulin-
duration
24 hours
-
Long Acting Insulin-
description
- Mimics natural basal insulin release.
- Although clear, cannot be mixed with any other isulin.
- Reduces the risk of hypoglycemia.
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