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What is pitch
The highness of loweness of a sound
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What is the distance between the pitch A, and the next higher or lower A?
Octave (A,B,C,D,E,F,G.. A<------)
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How are pitches represented in terms of frequency
Few pitches have a single frequency. Most are a dominant frequency with other faint frequencies
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When looking at an Octave of a low A going to a high A. What is the low A called? What is the presence of the higher pitches called?
the Fundamental; the higher pitches which accompany the dominant fundamental are the overtones
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What is it called when an Octave is divided into 12 equal parts
equal temperament tuning
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What are the 12 pitches of equal temperament tuning called
the Chromatic Scale
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What is it called when two notes are identical in pitch? (Eb and D#)
Enharmonic pitches
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Within the chromatic scale, their is 7 basic pitches. How are they organized
In ascending order (low to high)
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What is the most common scale? What are the basic pitches?
- C Major is the basic scale.
- C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C
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What is the Leading Tone?
- It is the pitch with the 7th power in a scale.
- C Major: C^1, D^2, E^3, F^4, G^5, A^6, B^7, C
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What is the Tonic Pitch?
- The point of repose and completion of a scale.
- C Major: C,D,E,F,G,A,B,C
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What is the Dominant Pitch?
- Dominant pitch is the pitch with the 5th power in a scale
- C Major: C^1, D^2, E^3, F^4, G^5, A^6, B^7, C
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What is the distance between any two pitches called
Interval
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What is the unit of measurement of an interval
- Half Step (semitone)
- Think of semitone as, two halfsteps make a whole tone. So a halfstep is "semi" of a whole
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In what two ways can an interval be seen
- Harmonic (two pitches.. at the same damn time)
- Melodic (two pitches in succession)
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What can a scale be described as
A succession of whole and halfsteps
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What is the basic order of intervals in a Major Scale
- Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half
- M2, M2, m2, M2, M2, M2, m2
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What are the pitches of a C Major? What are the pitches of a Bb Major?
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What is the basic intervals of a Harmonic Minor scale
- Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole and Half, Half
- M2, m2, M2, M2, m2, m3, m2
- (Whole and Half can be thought of as minor 3rd or augmented 2nd. It all depends on the pitches within the scale)
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What are the pitches of a C Harmonic Minor
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What are the basic intervals of a Natural Minor
- Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole
- M2, m2, M2, M2, m2, M2, M2
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What are the pitches of a F Natural Minor
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When a Major scale, and Minor scale use the same pitches within the scale, but only have different Tonics. It is called what?
relative major and minor
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What is it called when Major and Minor scales have the same Tonic
parallel
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What is the oscillation between Major and Minor scales called?
peremennost, (alternation) typical of Russian folk music
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What is a melody
A succession of pitches that sound like they forma whole
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What is Conjunct? What is Disjunct?
- Conjunct is when a melody moves in smooth intervals (whole and halfsteps)
- Disjunct is when a melody moves in irregular intervals and leaps (using anything from minor 3rds to a major 10th)
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What is the register?
- High, middle and low parts of an instruments range.
- Going from the fundamental to the next highest pitch and continuing until you complete the octave
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What is music organized over time?
Rhythm
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What is Beat?
A steady pulse which underlies most music. Sometimes audible, sometimes not
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What is the speed of the beat called?
Tempo
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Define each of the following common tempo markings.
Presto, Allegro, Moderato, Andante, Adagio, Lento or Grave
- Presto: Very Fast
- Allegro: Fast
- Moderato: Moderate
- Andante: "at walkings tempo"
- Adagio: Slow
- Lento or Grave: Very Slow
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What are beats grouped in?
Measures, (unformally, bars) which are seperated into bar lines
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What is the first beat in a measure?
The strongest beat, or, the downbeat
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What is it called when the first spoken word falls before the downbeat
The "pickup" or anacrusis
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What defines the meter in a measure
- The time signatureConsists of two numbers, upper is beats per minute, lower is duration of one beat
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When is a rhythem syncopated
When accented or emphasized notes fall on weak beats
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What is another name for polyrhythem? When does it occur?
- Cross-Rhythem
- Two conflicting rhythem patterns are present at the same time
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