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The most common ankle sprain injures which ligament?
- Anterior Talofibular Ligament
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Using resisted movements to test motor function, what are the nerve(s) responsible when testing Deltoid?
C5 primary
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Using resisted movements to test motor function, what are the nerve(s) responsible when testing Wrist Extensors?
C6 primary
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Using resisted movements to test motor function, what are the nerve(s) responsible when testing Wrist Flexors?
C7 primary
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Using resisted movements to test motor function, what are the nerve(s) responsible when testing Finger Flexors?
C8 primary
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Using resisted movements to test motor function, what are the nerve(s) responsible when testing Interossei?
T1 primary
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Using reflex tests for upper arm, what are the nerve(s) responsible when testing Bicep?
C5 primary
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Using reflex tests for upper arm, what are the nerve(s) responsible when testing Brachioradialis?
C6 primary
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Using reflex tests for upper arm, what are the nerve(s) responsible when testing Triceps?
C7 primary
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What is the ROM for Ankle?
- Dorsiflex: 20°
- Plantar Flex: 50°
- Inversion: 60°
- Eversion: 30°
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What are the indications of Draw Sign of Ankle?
- Excessive Ant. Motion: Ant. Talofibular Ligament Damage
- Excessive Post. Motion: Post. Talofibular Ligament Damage
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What are the indications for Lateral / Medial Stability Test of the Ankle?
- Excessive Lateral Gap: Ant. Talofibular & Calcaneofibular Ligament Damage
- Excessive Medial Gap: Deltiod Ligament Damage
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What are the indications for Thompson's Achilles Test?
Rupture of Achilles Tendon
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What are the nerve roots associated with the Cervical Plexus?
C1-C4 Nerve Roots
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What are the nerve roots associated with the Brachial Plexus?
- C5-T1 Nerve Roots
- *innervates all muscles of arm except, Trapezius and Skin near axilla
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Which nerve is affected at the site of Protrusion 1? Protrusion 2?
- Protrusion 1: L5 Nerve Compression
- Protrusion 2: S1 Nerve Compression
- *Same rules apply for the Cervical Region
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What is the ROM for the Cervical region?
- Flexion: 90°
- Extension: 70°
- R/L Rotation: 90°
- R/L Lateral Flexion: 45°
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What are the indications for Neutral Cervical Compression (10 lbs towards neck)?
- Cervical Radiculopathy (nerve root problem)
- Cervical Neuropathy (peripheral nerve problem)
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What are the indications for Jackson Compression (45°, push towards neck)?
Cervical Radiculopathy (nerve root problem)
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What are the positive findings and indications of Cervical Distraction Test (pull neck up)?
- (+) relief of Radiating Pain
- Indications:
- Exacerbation of local pain: capsulitis / muscle spasm
- Remission of local pain: Facet Syndrome
- Remission of Radiating Pain: Radiculopathy (nerve root problem)
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What are the indications for Shoulder Depression Test (applying pressure to shoulder while stabilizing neck)?
- Cervical Radiculopathy (nerve root problem)
- Cervical Neuropathy (peripheral nerve problem)
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What are the indications of Rust Sign (patient has a need to hold head as if it will fall over otherwise)?
- Spinal Instability
- *Refer patient out to hospital
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What are the borders of Thoracic Outlet?
- Scalene (medially)
- Coracoid process of scapula (laterally)
- Upper rib (lower border)
- Clavicle & Skin (upper border)
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What are the indications for Allen's Test (closing off circulation of palm)
- Both Radial / Ulnar diminished on one arm: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)
- Only one vessel diminished unilaterally: Local Fibrosis, Congenital Anomaly, Local Trauma
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What are indications for Adson's Test (look towards me)?
- Scalene Anticus Hypertrophy
- Cervical Rib Fibrosis
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What are indications for Reverse Adson's Test (look away from me)?
Scalene Medius Entrapment
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What are the indications of Costclavicular Test (shoulders up and back)?
Costoclavicular Syndrome
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What are the indications of Wright's Test (bring arms up into abduction while feeling for pulse pressure)?
Pectoralis Minor Hypertrophy
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What are the indications for ROOS Test (abduct elbow 90°, bend elbow 90°, pump fist for 3 mins)?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) due to vascular insufficiency
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What are the muscles associated with the Rotator Cuff?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
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The inflammation of one or more bursae (small sacs) of synovial fluid in the body
Bursitis
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The inflammation and irritation of the tendons and bursa
Impingement Syndrome (results from unresolved bursitis)
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What is ROM for Shoulder?
- Flexion: 180°
- Extension: 60°
- Abduction: 180°
- Adduction: 75°
- External Rotation: 90°
- Internal Rotation: 100°
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What are the indications for Dugas Test (hand touches opposite elbow, tuck elbow towards chest)?
Acute Glenohumeral Dislocation
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What are indications for Supraspinatus Press Test (beer can)?
Supraspinatus strain
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What are the indications for Yergaon's Test (arm wrestle)?
- Bicipital Tendon Instability
- Laxity / Rupture of Tranverse Humeral Ligament
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What are indications of Dawbarn's "Push Button" Test (arm abducts 90°, elbow 90°, push)?
Subacromial Bursitis
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What is ROM for Elbow?
- Flexion: 150°
- Extension: 0°
- Supination: 90°
- Pronation: 90°
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What are indications for Cozen's Test (Tennis Elbow)?
Lateral Epicondylitis
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What are indications for Golfer's Elbow Test?
Medial Epicondylitis
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What is the ROM for Wrist?
- Flexion: 90°
- Extension: 90°
- Radial Deviation: 15°
- Ulnar Deviation: 45°
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A medical condition in which the Median Nerve is compressed at the wrist, leading to pain, paresthesia, and muscle weakness in the forearm and hand.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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What are indications for Phalen's Test?
Median Neuropathy (peripheral nerve problem)
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What are the indications for Prayer's Sign?
Median Neuropathy (peripheral nerve problem)
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When the patient's head is compressed, patient experiences numbness and tingling sensation into the hand. What condition does the patient have?
Cervical Radiculopathy
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While performing Valsalva's Maneuver (putting thumb in mouth, blowing into it), the patient experienced pain in the lower back. Which condition does the patient have?
Disc Herniation
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Patient have a positive finding of Anterior Draw Sign of the Knee. What condition does the patient have?
Anterior Crutiate Ligament tear
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What is the image study for Disc Herniation?
- 1. MRI
- 2. CT Scan (patient cannot have MRI if metal is in their body)
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