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the nervous system sends
instant messages throughout your body
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different dendrites
are going to sense different things
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cell body
decides whether or not to send impulse on
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myelin sheath
insulation so nerves can transmit messages faster; white color
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node of ranvier
constriction in myelin sheath
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white matter
lots of myelinated nerves
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gray matter
lots of unmyelinated nerves
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synapse
gap between the axon and the next cell
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sensory nerves
carry messages from the body to the brain; can sense things : hot, cold, wet, pain, enough food in stomach, sound, light, changes in blood pressure
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motor nerves
carry messages from brain out to the body; respond to the stimulus: move hand, stop eating, dilate arteries for higher blood pressure
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labeled line
your brain knows which nerve sent message
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cool thing
if you apply a small voltage difference to a particular nerve, your brain thinks it felt something
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referred pain
pain that is felt in a different location from the affected area; pain from heart attack felt in left arm
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adaptation
you get used to a constant stimulus; maxed out nervers no longer send info
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central nervous system
consists of brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
all nerves other than the brain and spinal cord
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somatic nervous system
voluntary; tells skeletal muscles when to contract
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autonomic nervous system
involuntary; tells smooth and cardiac muscle when to contract
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sympathetic nervous sytem
fight or flight system; increases heart rate ad breathing, decreases digestion, opens pupils
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sparasympathetic nervous system
normal calm system; decreases heart rate and breathing, increases digestion, closes pupils
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spinal cord
large collection of nerves running from the base of the brain to the hips
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reflex
fast, automatic, but predictable respone to stimuli; sensory nerves go to the spinal cord and spinal cord deals with it ; no brain
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different parts of the brain
need different amounts of oxygen
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medulla oblongata
regulates heart rate and breathing
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pons
bridge that connects cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla
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cerebellum
controls complex movements; motor movements, balance, equilibrium
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midbrain
helps control gross movements; reflex center for hearing and vision
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reticular fromation
maintains consciousness, wakes you up from sleep
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pineal gland
secretes melatonin; biological clock
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limbic system
regulates emotional aspects of behavior
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hippocompus
located within the limbic system; have found new nerves grown here
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thalamus
intergrating center for many sensory impulses like touch, pain,and smell
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hypothalamus
regulates pituitary gland, emotions, behavior, body temp, thirst, hunger
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pituitary gland
associated with brain; secretes numerous hormones; master gland
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cerebral cortex (cerebrum)
sophisticated mental functions; sight, language, personality, thinking, memory
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cerebral hemisphere
1/2 of cerebral cortex
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visual association
baby can recognize people from their pictures
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auditory association
they have known for years that talking to a baby helps the baby learn to speak
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the right side of the mind controls
the muscles on the left side of the body and the left side of brain controls right side of body
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aritistic ability and generating mental images of sight, sound, touch, taste and smell are
on the right side of brain
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language, numerical,and scientific skills and resonings are
on the left side of the brain
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right frontal lobe is
associated with humor
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women's brains do respond better to
emotions, meaning we really are more emotional and vulnerable to depression
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women use both side of their brain to read and speak, while guys tend to use
their left hemisphere
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women's brains remeber things
better
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women's brains shrink
slower
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women's corpus callosum is
thicker
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corpus callosum
connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres
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epileptic seizure
nerve impulses spread through the entire brain rather than staying on the appropriate nerve
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alzheimer's disease
characterized by confusion, memory loss, and often personality changes, and little facial expression
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parkinson's disease
missing dopamine causes motor disorder with muscle tremors, poor balance, and little facial expression
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