ChildPsych12

The characteristics of people as males and females.

The sense of being male or female, which most children acuire by the time they are 3 years old.

A set of expectations that prescribes how females or males should think, act, and feel

Acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Hormones, the most important of which is estradiol, that influence the development of female physical sex charactersitics and help regulate the menstrual cycle

Hormones, the most important of which is testosterone, that promote the development of male genitals and secondary sex characteristics.

When girls' adrenal glands enlarge, resulting in abnormally high levels of androgens. They vary in how much their genitals look like male or females.

When a small number of males don't have androgen cells in their bodies. Their bodies look female, they develop a female gender identity, and they usually are sexually attracted to males.

A small number of newborns have this disorder, which in boys involves a missing penis.

A theory stating that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men – social hierarchy and division of labor strongly influence gender differences in power, assertiveness, and nurture.

A theory that stems from Freud's view that preschool children develop erotic feelings toward the opposite-sex parent. Eventually these feelings cause anxiety, so that at 5 or 6 years of age, children renouince these feelings and identify with the same-sex parent, unconsciously adopting the same-sex parent's characteristics.

This theory emphasizes that children's gender development occurs through observation and imitation of gender behavior and through rewards and punishments they experience for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior.

Broad categories that reflect impressions and widely held beliefs about what behavior is appropriate for females and males.

What traits associated with being male are labeled as, such as being independent, aggressive, and power oriented.

Traits associated with females were labeled as this, include being warm and sensitive.

Female brains are smaller, but have more folds, or...

Involves harming someone by manipulating a relationship

The language of conversation and a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships; more characteristic of females than of males.

Talk that conveys information; more characteristic of males than females.

Language used to establish or maintain connections with others, such as showing support or expanding on a person's prior remarks.

Language used to influence others, such as directive statements or disagreements.

The presence of masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person

The view that when an individual's competence is at issue, it should be conceptualized on a personal basis rather than on the basis of masculinity, femininity, or androgyny.