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Point A to B - increased animal welfare due to domestication, increased production
Point B to C - decreased animal welfare due to increased productivity, producing to own detriment
Beyond C - Unsustainable conditions, collapse of production, animal death
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What are the 5 Freedoms?
- Freedom from hunger and thirst
- Freedom from discomfort
- Freedom from pain, injury, and disease
- Freedom to express natural behaviours
- Freedom from fear and distress
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What is coping?
Animals' ability to adapt to its current situation and surroundings
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What is distress?
Failure to cope
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What are the 4 criteria needed for something to be deemed sentient?
- Ability to evaluate actions of others in relation to self and 3rd parties
- Ability to remember own actions and consequences
- Ability to assess risk
- Ability to have feelings and degree of awareness
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What is pain?
An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience, occurs in brain
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What are the 3 different kinds of pain?
- Acute - immediate
- Chronic inflammatory - healing persists beyond expected time
- Chronic neuropathic - no well-defined oset, may not respond to treatments, intractable
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What is nociception
The detection of a noxious stimulus
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What are the 2 nociception mechanisms?
- Peripheral - noxious stimulus of tissues, reflex does not involve CNS
- Central - unconcious processing by the spinal cord and brain
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What are 2 abnormal pain responses in peripheral mechanisms?
- Allodynia - pain from stimulation that is not normally painful
- Hyperalgesia - increased pain when same stimulus is repeated
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What is stress?
Environmental effect that over taxes control systems and results in adverse consequences and reduced fitness
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What are 3 behavioural measures of stress?
- Vices
- Stereotypies
- Lethargy
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What are 3 physiological measures of stress?
- Cortisol levels
- Blood pressure
- Heart rate
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What are the criteria of a stereotypy?
- Repetitive
- Fixed action pattern
- No obvious goal or function
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What are the 2 types of coping?
- Active - vices, stereotypies
- Passive - lethargy
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What are the steps of the pre-pathological model?
- Pre-behavioural response
- Pre-physiological response
- Behavioural response
- Physiological response
- Pre-pathological state
- Pathological state
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What are the 3 criteria of good enrichment?
- Novel
- Destructible
- Fulfills behavioural need of the animal
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What is Hume's Guillotine?
No ethical conclusion can be validly inferred from any set of purely factual premises
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What are the 3 approaches to ethics?
- Descriptive - ethical values of diff ppl
- Normative - endorsed ethical values
- Metaethics - foundation of ethics, meaning of ethical terms
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What is pluralism?
Social system based on mutual respect for e/o's cultures, everyone can express their culture and participate in larger society free of prejudice. INCLUSION
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What are the 2 bases of standards of the BCSPCA?
- Animal-based standards - observation and record-keeping
- Environment-based standards - space, air quality, amenities, access to outdoors
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What year was the Animal Protection Act proclaimed?
1968
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What is an Act?
made by ppl elected to Legislative Assembly
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What is a Regulation?
Rules, procedures, codes with force of law, receives authority from statutes
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What is Legislation?
Acts and Regulations
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What is Policy?
consistent course of action, formal or informal
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What is Animal Protection?
- Protecting animals from ppl
- Federal and provincial
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What is Animal Control?
- Protecting ppl from animals
- Municipal
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What is Compliance?
- Continuum of corrective actions, charges, prosecution and sentencing
- Not the same as enforcement, more compassionate
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What is an Animal?
Not human
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What is Abandoned?
- Left for >24 hrs w/o food water shelter
- Left for 5 days after expected pickup at vet or kennel
- Left at residency after tenancy is terminated
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What is the exception to sentencing based on Distress?
Does not apply if distress results from commonly accepted practices
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What are some issues with offenses?
- Fine no more than $20 000
- Vets not required to report
- Prohibition orders not enforceable outside of AB
- No way to deal with mentally ill
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