C. An educated guess/ Previous experience and knowledge
Science can be used to evaluate and interpret situations involving
C. Observable events in the natural world
A theory is formed
A. After a large number of observations and experiments
Which of the following statement is a scientific hypothesis?
A. Eating less fat will reduce the risk of cancer
Information found in primary sources of scientific information
E. Both C and D are correct
If an atom has an atomic number of 12, it is possible to predict that it has ____ electrons in its outer electron shell.
E. 2
Am atom is said to be electrically neutral when it has equal numbers of ____ and _____.
A. Electrons and Protons
What does this graph tell us about the relationship between stress and having colds?
A. There is a positive correlation between high stress levels and having a cold
Which of the followig is the independent or experimental varible in the above graph?
A. Psychological stress
Atoms share electrons
A. To achieve a stable outermost shell
Referring to the image, Which bonds are stronger
A. 1 &3
Referring to the image, What type of Bond is #3?
D. Covalent bond
An element has an atomic number of 5, and an atomic mass of 11.
How many protons does an atom of this element have?
B. 5
An element has an atomic number of 5, and an atomic mass of 11
How many neutrons does an atom of this element have?
B. 6
A basic solution,
B. Has more OH- ions than H+ ions
Non-Polar molecules tend to be
C. Hydrophobic
Which of the following is a nucleic acids?
D) D. ATP
A polypeptide may be made up of over 300 linked
A. Amino Acids
Steroids are
C. all choices are correct
The R group of side chain of the amino acid Tyrosine is hydrophobic. The R group or side chain of the amino acid Glutamine is hydrophilic. where would you expect to find these amino acids in three-dimensional protein in a water solution such as inside the cell?
C. Tyrosine would be in the interior, and gluatmine would be on the exterior of the globular protein
_________ are made up of a glycerol group attached to 3 long hydrocarbon chains.
C. Fats and oils
Trans fats are related to what chemical process?
D. Hydrogenation
We talked about "Essential" amino acids and fatty acids. What does it mean that these are "Essential"
C. Our bodies are not able to build them; they must come from what we eat
Diffusion occurs
B. Only within living cells
Which of the following would be most likely to use facilitated diffusion to enter a cell?
B. A Protein
The image at right shows what process?
B. Endocytosis
In the image the diagram shows a solute in water. The dashed line is a membrane permeable only to water.
This diagram shows what process taking place?
C. Osmosis
In setup 1 which side of the tube has the higher concentration of water?
C. left
In which cell would you expect to find the most mitochondria?
D. Muscle cell in the thigh muscle of a long-distance runner
What is the charge of an Electron and where is it located in the atom.
Negative and outside rings
What is the charge of a Neutron and where is it located in the atom.
Neutral and inside the atom
What is the charge of a Proton and where is it located in the atom.
Positive and inside the atom
The middle cell in this image is in a ___ solution.
C. Hypotonic
Which of the following is an example of active transport across the plasma membrane.
A. a substance being pumped to an area of higher concentration
What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
B. ATP
The diagram best represents
D. an enzymatic reaction
In the diagram, structure A is the
D. enzyme
In the diagram, structure B is the
E. Substrate
Metabolism is defined as
C. all chemical processes that occur within cells
Which subpathway releases most of the energy during aerobic cellular respiration?
C. electron transport chain
enzymes are
D. proteins
Which molecule acts as an electron carrier during cellular respiration
B. NAD+
Which of the following is not directly involved in the process of translation
B. DNA
The process of fermentation occurs when there is no ___ and results in the conversion of pyruvic acid into ____.
A. oxygen, lactic acid
RNA is formed in the process of
C. transcription
which of the following is true about transfer RNA
B. tRNA carries amino acids to the mRNA strands during translation
The process of gene expression i all living organisms can be summarized as
A. DNA -->RNA--> Protein
Mutations
E. both C and D are correct
The tissue supports and holds organs in place
C. loose fibrous CT
______ tissue makes up the inner lining of the stomach
B. epithelial
Where would you find smooth muscle
A. in the walls of the blood vessels
sweat is secreted through a duct, this means it is secreted by an
A. exocrine gland
this tissue is found at the ends of bones, the outer ear, and between the vertebrae
C. cartilage
the dorsal cavity contains
C. the brain and spinal cord
____ contain enzymes to break down macromolecules
lysosomes
______ site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
packaging, storage, distribution of protein
golgi apparatus
membranous sac used for material transport
vesicle
system of tubular canals for molecular transport
endoplasmic reticulum
powerhouse of the cell
mitochondrion
Substances move through the digestive tract by what process
C. graity
The primary function of the stomach is to
B. store and digest food
what is the primary purpose of the liver in aiding digestion
A. produces bile
what is absorbed mainly through the
A. large intestines
the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas are connected to ducts which enter the
C. duodenum
this layer makes up the inner lining of the digestive tract
B. mucosa
which is not a function of hydrocholoric acid in the stomach
D. breaks down fats
the ___ is found in the digestive tract but is associated with the immune system
E. both the appendix and tonsils
which of the following terms is not associated with the large intestine
E. duodenum
the epiglottis
B. keeps food from entering the trachea
___ contains enzymes and bicarbonate to aid digestion
A. pancreatic juice
which organ stores excess glucose and synthesizes protein and fats
D. liver
absorption of most of nutrients occurs in the
C. small intestine
bile
B. emulsifies fats in the small intestine
material backing up through the gastroesophageal sphincter causes
A. heartburn
human WBC
D. have a nucleus
tissue fluid is most similar in composition to
A. plasma
which of the following are needed for blood clotting
C. platelets and proteins
where are oxyhemoglobin formed in the body
D. the lungs
the formed elements include
C. all choices are correct
which of the following contain blood with the highest oxygen concentration
B. pulmonary vein
this protein forms a net as part of the blood clotting process
C. fibrin
gas exchange between blood and tisues occurs in the
B. capillaries
some monocytes become specialized cells called
C. macrophages
veins
E. both c and d are correct
a signal sent directly from the ______ causes the ventricles to contract
D. av node
if a persons blood pressure is 110/60, the 110 represents
A. systolic pressure
what causes a heart attack
C. a blockage in a coronary artery
the AV valves are open durin
A. atrial systole
the second sound in the heartbeat DUB is caused by
a closing of the semilunar valves
when smooth muslces within the walls of the aterial blood vessels contract
E. all of the above
the blood vessels that nourish the heart muscle are the ____
C. coronary arteries
angioplasty is
C. a procedure to open a blocked artery
in the pulmonary circuit, the right half of the heart pumps ___ blood to the ____, and then _____ blood flows back to the heart.
C. deoxygenated, lungs, oxygenated
if an individual had a heart problem in which blood was leaking back into the right atrium during ventricular systole, which valve would be malfunctioning
B. tricuspid
pre-capillary sphincters
B. regulate blood flow in acapillary bed
Choose the correct pairing
D. osteoclasts, break down bone
where is yellow marrow found in the ones
B. the diaphysis
the continued erosion and replacement of bone tissue is called
C. remodeling
what is the function of red bone marrow
C. produces blood cells
trabeculae are
D. structures of spongy bone
The major purpose of the epiphyseal plates near the ends of long bone is
B. lengthening long bones
the articulations between the vertebrae are examples of ___ joint
C. cartilaginous
the triceps brachii are described as antagonistic to the biceps brachii because
A. one raises and the other lowers the forearm
a skeletal muscle cell is called a
D. muscle fiber
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ____ necessary for muscle contraction
C. calcium
which myofilament uses ATP and forms cross-bridges during contraction ?
B. myosin
the quickest method of providing ATP for muscle activity is
D. creatine phosphate conversion
sarcomeres within myofibrils
C. get shorter (compress) as the muscle fiber contracts
when the amount of ____ in the blood reaches the renal threshold, the kidneys cannot reabsorb it and some will remain in the urine
C. glucose
the urethra connects the urinary bladder to the
E. exterior of the body
the microscopic anatomical structure within the kidneys that forms urine is the
A. nephron
the process of elimination of soluble metabolic wastes is called
D. excretion
concentrations of metabolically important substances such as glucose are usually
A. high in glomerular filtrate, but little to none is found in urine
penicillin is filtered through nephron tubular walls and not through the glomerulus. therefore, penicillin is removed from the bblood by the process called
C. tubular secretion
during tubular reabsorption
A. glucose and sodium are absorbed into the capillaries using specific carrier molecules
an increased amount of ADH leads to
C. a decreased output of urine
bacteria
A. are prokaryotic
west nile virus and lyme disease are spread through which type of transmission
D. vector- born
this infectious agent is not a living organism
E. both a and b are correct
which type of pathogen can often be successfully treated using antibiotics
C. bacteria
which of the following is an example of passive immunity
B. antibodies recieved through mothers milk
phagocytosis is performed by some WBC in response to infection. phagocytosis
E. both a and be are correct
antigens
D. allow the body to determine self from non-self
These specialized cells produce substances that enhance both the B and T cell responses
B. helper t cells
which of the following is part of the non-specific defenses
C. mucous membranes
the shape of receptors on lymphocytes is complementary to a specific
A. antigen
activated B cells produce clones called ____ which produce and secrete antibodies
B. plasma cells
most vaccines contain ___ to stimulate immunity
B. antigens
what is the ultimate reason we breath ?
a. the movement of air through the trachea stimulates the heart to beat
b. reathing brings in oxygen and removes CO2 involved in aerobic cellular respiration
d. breathing helps circulate glucose throughout the body, feuling our cells
e. all of the above
b. breathing brings in O2 and removes CO2 involved in aerobic cellular respiration
