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Wordsworth
- ENGLISH AUTHOR
- Ode on Imitations of Immortalitymaturation = child's loss of imagination
- The Prelude - Book length poem - growth of a poet's mind
- Coleridge's closet friend
- Together they published Lyrical Ballad'sRejected rules of 18th century criticism
- lost childlike vision and closeness to closeness to spiritual reality
- THEORY: soul's preexistence in a celestial state before its creation
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Goethe
- GERMAN AUTHOR
- defied any classification
- The Sorrows of Young Werther - Series of Letters
- Faust Part 1 and 2: MOST POPULAR WORK
- Germany's Great PoetsPerhaps the greatest German writer of modern times
- romantic mold and condemnation of Romantic excesses
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Herder
- GERMAN AUTHOR
- LUTHERAN MINISTER
- Feelings of the Human Soulresented French cultural dominance
- rejected mechanical explanation of nature
- humans and societies as developing organically
- prominent German writer
- praised German folk and language which enhanced colksgeist
- cultural nationalist who focused uniqueness of communities
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Hugo
- FRENCH AUTHOR
- the dominant figure among French romantics
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Coleridge
- ENGLISH AUTHOR
- poet and conservative political thinker
- imagination was God at work in the mind "a repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite I am"
- Poetry was the highest of human acts, humankind's self-fulfillment in a transcendental world
- master of Gothic poems of supernatural
- The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
-
Blake
- ENGLISH AUTHOR
- The Reasoning Power in ManBritish poet
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Fitche
- PHILOSOPHER
- important German philosopher and nationalist
- identified individual ego with absolute that underlies all existing things
- world is creation of humankind and is special because of the people in it
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Hegel
- PHILOSOPHY
- most important romantic philosopher
- believed ideas developed in evolution
- The Phenomenology of MindLectures on the Philosopher of Historydiscussed cultures contributing and clashing for new ideas
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Scott
- SCOTTISH AUTHOR
- Tales of Crusades
-
Edmund Burke
- conservatism
- said society was a compact between ancestors, present gen, and decendants
- radical change = anarchy
- founder of modern "classical" conservatism
- Irish-born Bristish statesman
- Renaissance man
-
Byron
- ENGLISH AUTHOR
- rebel among poets and disliked
- little sympathy for immagination by was viewed as embodiment of the new person of the French Revolution
- Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
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Goya
- PAINTER
- Third of Maydepicted the savagery of those executions in the most memorable war painting of the Napoleonic ear
- Illustrates 2 forces of Napoleonic warefare confronting each other
- After the restoration of the Spanish monarchy
- Made ordinary people and very poor clergy not only the victims, but symbolic heroes of the national war of liberation
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Grimm Brothers
- GERMAN AUTHORS
- Herder's most important followers
- Jakob and Wilhelm
- famous for their collection of fairy tales
-
Hegel
- most important philosopher of history in Romantic period
- one of the most complicated and significant philosophers
- believed ideas developed in an evolutionary fashion that involves conflict
- THESIS: a predominant set of ideas
- ANTITHESIS: conflicted ideas; challenged thesis
- SYNTHESIS: the two emerge (THESIS and ANTITHESIS) and becomes a new thesis
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David
- PAINTER
- Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I and Coronation of Empress JosephineRevealed the enormous political and religious political and religious tensions of that event
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Constable
- PAINTER
- English landscape painter
- politically conservative
- Salisbury Cathedral from the MeadowsPortrayed a stable world in which neither political turmoil nor industrial development challenged the church
-
Turner
- PAINTER
- depicted forces of the new industrialism that was challenging them
- Rain, Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway of 1844
-
Ferdinand VII of Spain
- King of Spain TWICE after Napoleonic wars
- dispute with Joseph Bonaparte
- Eldest son of Charles IV
- Arrested for plotting to overthrow his father from the throne and murdering his mother
- Arrested by Napoleon
-
Ferdinand VII of Spain
- Ferdinand was born in 1784 to Charles IV and María Luisa.
- In 1807 he was arrested by his father, who accused him of plotting his overthrow and the murder of his mother and the chief minister Godoy.
- was forced to abdicate and his throne was given to Joseph Bonaparte.
- imprisoned in France during Peninsular War.
- restored to the throne in 1814.
- repressive policies caused a liberal revolution and the establishment of a liberal government until 1823, when it was ousted with French help, delegated by the Holy Alliance and the Congress of Troppau.
- the Spanish colonies on the mainland of North and South America were lost
-
Carbonari
- "Charcoal-burners"
- 50,000 strong and espousing a vaguely liberal politcal program
- pressure by Carbonari forces royal capitulation to the demand for a spanish-style constitution
-
Austrian Empire
- Population: Germans, Hungarians, Czechs and Slovaks, Southern Slavs, Eastern Slavs, Italians
- Nationalist feeling strong among Czechs, Hungarians, and Italians
- Metternich still chief minister
- Habsburgs: ruling dynasty
- Emperor Ferdinand and his absolutist gov
- Liberalism strong in cities
- Industrialism growing
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