-
Staphylococcus aureus
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
(Skin flora, Hospital and community-acquired pneumonia, SSTIs, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, septic arthritis, blood and catheter infections, MSSA/MRSA)
-
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
CoNS (Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus epidermidis)
(Skin flora, Foley (urine) catheter and IV line infections, prosthetic device infections, contaminates blood cultures)
(More likely to be a contaminant and NOT a true pathogen)
-
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
(Vaginal flora, UTIs: 2nd to E. coli in younger, sexually active females)
-
Streptococcus pyogenes
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
(Grp A β-hemolytic)
(Skin flora, Strep throat (pharyngitis), SSTIs, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis)
(Pyogenes = pus formation/production)
-
Streptococcus agalactiae
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
(Grp B β-hemolytic)
(Vaginal flora, Neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis)
(Group B, "B for baby")
-
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
(α-hemolytic)
(Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), otitis media, bacterial meningitis)
(Common source of dental caries; If you have an abscess or some source of Streptococcus pneumoniae, you should check the Pt's teeth since this may be the source of the infection.)
-
S. anginosus. (aka S. milleri), S. mutans, S. mitis, S. salivarius, S. sanguis, Gamella morbillorum
Viridans Group Streptococci
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
(α-hemolytic)
(GI flora, Dental infections, endocarditis, abscesses)
-
Streptococcus bovis
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
(Grp D Nonenterococcal Strep.)
(GI flora, Associated with colon cancer)
-
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AGPC)
(GI flora, UTIs, biliary infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, VRE)
(Usually treated with ampicillin or a very broad penicillin. Since the Tx is different than that used for Streptococcus, they are classified as Enterococcus; Otherwise they would have been classified as Streptococci. Streptococcus Tx is usually penicillins or cephalosporins.)
-
Bacillus anthracis
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli (AGPB)
SPORE-FORMING
(Anthrax)
-
Bacillus cereus
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli (AGPB)
SPORE-FORMING
(Gastorenteritis (food poisoning))
-
Corynebacterium spp.
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli (AGPB)
NONSPORE-FORMING
(Skin flora, culture contaminant; non-pathogenic forms are called "diphtheroids")
-
Listeria monocytogenes
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli (AGPB)
NONSPORE-FORMING
(Meningitis in neonates (3rd after Grp B Strep. and E. coli) and immunosuppressed)
(Tends to cause CNS infections in the very young and the very old)
-
Nocardia spp.
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli (AGPB)
NONSPORE-FORMING
(Opportunistic pathogen)
-
Clostridium perfringens
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli (AN-GPB)
SPORE-FORMING
(Gas Gangrene - cellulitis/wound infections)
-
Clostridium difficile
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli (AN-GPB)
SPORE-FORMING
(Antibiotic-induced diarrhea, Pseudomembraneous enterocolitis)
-
Actinomyces spp., Propionibacterium acnes, Lactobacillus spp.
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli (AN-GPB)
NONSPORE-FORMING
-
Peptostreptococcus spp., Peptococcus spp.
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci (AN-GPC)
(GI/vaginal/mouth flora, Abscesses, aspiration pneumonia)
-
Chlamydia trachomatis
Miscellaneous (do NOT stain well, cannot tell if G+ or G-)
NO CELL WALL
(STD)
-
Chlamydophilia (formerly Chlamydia) pneumoniae
Miscellaneous (do NOT stain well, cannot tell if G+ or G-)
NO CELL WALL
(Atypical organism, CAP)
-
Rickettsia rickettsii
Miscellaneous (do NOT stain well, cannot tell if G+ or G-)
(Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
-
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Miscellaneous (do NOT stain well, cannot tell if G+ or G-)
NO CELL WALL
(Atypical organism, CAP)
-
Borrelia burgdorferi
Miscellaneous (do NOT stain well, cannot tell if G+ or G-)
(Lyme disease)
-
Treponema pallidum
Miscellaneous (do NOT stain well, cannot tell if G+ or G-)
(Syphilis)
-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Miscellaneous (do NOT stain well, cannot tell if G+ or G-)
-
Escherichia coli
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(Diarrhea, UTIs, neonatal meningitis, sepsis)
-
Klebsiella spp.
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(UTIs (Foley catheters), nosocomial pneumonia, sepsis)
-
Enterobacter spp.
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(Nosocomial infections)
-
Citrobacter spp.
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(Nosocomial infections)
-
Proteus mirabilis
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(UTIs, nosocomial infections)
-
Providencia spp.
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
-
Morganella morganii
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
-
Serratia spp.
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(UTIs, wound infections, pneumonia)
-
Shigella spp.
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(Dysentery, NOT GI normal flora- pathogen)
-
Salmonella spp.
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(Typhoid fever, diarrhea, sepsis, carrier)
-
Yersinia enterocolitica
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
Enterobacteriaceae ("enteric")
(Diarrhea)
-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Nosocomial infections, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, sepsis, UTIs, endocarditis)
(Can very easily develop resistance)
-
Acinetobacter baumannii
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Nosocomial infections)
(Can very easily develop resistance)
-
Stenotrophomonas (Xanthamonas) maltophilia
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Nosocomial infections)
(Can very easily develop resistance)
-
Haemophilus influenzae
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Influenzae, meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis, sepsis)
(Can very easily develop resistance)
-
Legionella pneumophilia
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(CAP)
(Atypica organism; Causes respiratory infections, BUT presents with viral-like Sx)
-
Bordetella pertussis
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Whooping cough)
(Can very easily develop resistance)
-
Bartonella henselae
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Cat scratch disease)
(Can very easily develop resistance)
-
Pasteurella multocida
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Animal bites/scratches)
(Can very easily develop resistance)
-
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(GI ulcers, gastritis)
(Can very easily develop resistance)
-
Brucella spp.
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Undulant fevers)
-
Vibrio cholera
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Diarrhea)
-
Campylobacter jejuni
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AGNB)
NON-enterobacteriaceae
(Diarrhea)
-
Neisseria meningitidis
Aerobic Gram-Negative Cocci (AGNC)
(Meningitis (<1 yo), sepsis)
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Aerobic Gram-Negative Cocci (AGNC)
(STD- gonorrhea, septic arthritis)
-
Moraxella catarrhalis
Aerobic Gram-Negative Cocci (AGNC)
(Respiratory infections, CAP)
-
Bacteroides fragilis
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AN-GNB)
(GI/vaginal flora, Abscesses)
-
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AN-GNB)
(GI/vaginal/mouth flora, Aspiration pneumonia, periodontal disease)
-
Fusobacterium spp.
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AN-GNB)
(Aspiration pneumonia, periodontal diseases, abdominal/pelvic abscesses)
-
Prevotella spp.
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli (AN-GNB)
(Periodontal diseases)
-
Veillonella spp.
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci (AN-GNC)
(GI normal flora, Rare cases of osteomyelitis and endocarditis)
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