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Feline Panleukopenia also called?
Is the disease Viral or Bacterial?
- Feline Parvovirus
- Feline Infectious Anemia, and
- Feline Distemper
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What is the incubation period for Feline Panleukopenia?
3 – 10 days
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What are the symptoms of Feline Panleukopenia
Pyrexia, leukopenia, vomiting, diarrhea, mortality is high in young kittens.
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What is the treatment for Feline Panleukopenia?
Fluids, antibiotics
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What 3 diseases are included in Feline Respiratory Complex.
Is it Viral or Bacterial?
- Feline Rhinotracheitis (Feline Herpesvirus),
- Feline Calicivirus and
- Feline Pneumonitis
- Bacterial
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What is the Incubation period for Feline Respiratory Complex?
3-10 days
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What are the symptoms of Feline Respiratory Complex?
Pyrexia, sneezing, conjunctivitis, rhinitis
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What is the Treatment for Feline Respiratory Complex
Supportive therapy, antibiotics
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What is the virus that causes Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
What is the Incubation period?
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What are the symptoms (wet&dry) for Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)?
Symptoms: Effusive (Wet) – pyrexia, peritoneal and pleural exudates
Non- Effusive (Dry) - pyrexia, respiratory and neurological
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What is the Treatment for Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)?
Usually ineffective, mortality close to 100%
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What is the incubation period for the Feline Leukemia
The virus is very ____________ outside of the cat’s body.
Transmission is ______________.
Incubation: dependant on cat, maybe months or years. The virus is very unstable outside of the cat’s body. Transmission is cat to cat contact (fighting/breeding)
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11 Symtoms of Feline Leukemia Virus
Anemia, depression, weight loss, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, respiratory distress, polyuria, fetal resorption, abortion, infertility, “fading” kitten syndrome
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How do you diagnose Feline Leukemia Virus?
ELISA or IFA test
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What is the Treatment for Feline Leukemia Virus?
There is no cure. Chemotherapeutic agents may be effective for varying lengths of time. 85% of cats can get rid of virus completely. Usually die from pneumonia or cancer - not from leukemia
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Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
Incubation- ____________
Transmission ______________
- Incubation- months or years,
- Transmission through bite wounds
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Symptoms for Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
Weakened immune system, similar symptoms of FeLV
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How do you Diagnosis Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
ELISA test
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What is the Treatment for Feline Immunodeficiency virus
No cure, eventually fatal
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What is the definition of pharmacology?
The science that deals with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects and uses of drugs.
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Where can client get pharmaceuticals?
What determines where they will purchase?
- At clinic, on-line and at local pharmacy
- Driven by price.
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Describe the stages a new drugs goes through:
What is the average lenght of time from concept to market of a drug?
- Development, research and field trials.
- Up to 5 years.
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Ivomec ® is an example of a ____________.
Ivermectin is the ____________ is which is generally indicated underneath within parenthesis.
Chemical name is not required on literature.
Ivermectin 5 mg/ml is the ____________.
- Trade or proprietary name
- generic or non-proprietary
- active ingredient
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Who is able to write a prescription in veterinarian medicine?
What is the job of an RVT pertaining to a prescription?
- Only the veterinarian.
- Fill, dispense, explain to client how to use the drug (dosage) and what to expect from the drug including adverse effects
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Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Make sure drugs are not misused, handled appropriately. Clinic must have license
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Formulation of drugs for safety and effectiveness
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U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Ensures animals used in research are treated fairly. Regulates the specific care, housing and treatment and ensures humane treatment.
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Ensures proper disposal of expired, non-usable drugs.
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What is the safe way to get rid of expired drugs?
Incinerate
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Name 3 types of dosage forms:
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List 2 most common Liquid dosage forms:
Solution & Suspension
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Ampule – __ x use.
Example is ________.
- 1 x use
- Example is a vaccine
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Multi-dose – _____dose in ____pack
Example _____
- Multi dose in one pack
- Example rabies
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2 examples of Implants
Microchip, growth implants
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Broad spectrum means
That it kills adult and larvae form of parasite
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Storage and Handling of Drugs
Temperature Specifications = __° - __° F
Humidity = __ – __%
- Temperature Specifications = 50° - 80° F
- Humidity = 40 – 60%
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TID
Three times a day - Every 8 hrs
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BID
Twice a day - Every 12 hrs
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
product sheet from the manufacturer that contains guidelines for protective precautions, clean up procedures and first aid for accidental exposure
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Name 7 drug Routes:
- 1. Parenteral (by injection) 2. Intravenous (IV) (#3)
- 3. Intramuscular(IM) – most common (#1) 4. Subcutaneous(SQ) - under skin (#2)
- 5. Intradermal(ID) within skin 6. Oral – by mouth – send home
- 7. Topical
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Receptor
Cell that the specific drug targets
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Antagonist
Something that works against the drug. Combats adverse effects
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Agonists
Something in the drug that helps the drug do its work
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Non-receptor mediated reactions
Side effects
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Biotransformation
Body changes its chemical structure and uses the part of the drug that is effective
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Elimination
Waste products that are filtered out through liver and kidneys
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Withdrawal
Important for food animals to make sure the drug is no longer in the body. Standard time is 1 week, but it can take up to 2 weeks
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List two drugs for Gastrointestinal
Cisapride, Meclizine
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List two drugs for Cardiovascular
Digoxin, Benazepril
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List two drugs for Respiratory
Tetracycline, Cough suppressant (Robitussin)
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List two drugs for Endocrine
Isophane Insulin, Glargine
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List two drugs for Nervous System
Ketamine, Isoflurane
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List two drugs for Antimicrobials
Penicillin, Tetracycline
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List two drugs for Disinfectants/Antiseptics
Rocal, Bleach
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List two drugs for Antiparasitics
Ivermectin, Immiticide
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List two drugs for Antiinflammatories
DMSO, Ibuprofen
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4% cows are
Ayrshire, Guernsey, Brown Swiss
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2% cow that can produce 100lbs of milk
Holstein-Fresian
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List the leukocyte counts for dogs, cats & horses:
- Dog: 11,000
- Cat:13,000
- Horse: 9,000
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List the hemoglobin (gm/100mL) counts for dogs, cats and horses:
- Dog: 14.5
- Cat: 12
- Horse: 13
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List the BUN (blood-urea-nitrogen) counts for dogs, cats and horses:
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The PCV (Packed cell volume/hematocrit) for a dog and for a cat.
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What are 2 types of damage that x-rays can cause?
Somatic damage and Reproductive damage
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Who discovery of X-Rays?
Wilhelm Roentgen
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List the 4 benefits of Digital Radiography.
- No Chemicals,
- Storage on Computer,
- E-mail to specialist,
- Can change the size & coloring.
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Barrow
Castrated male pig
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Needle teeth
Sharp canine teeth of piglets, must be trimmed to prevent injury to the sow
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Shoat
Young pig less than one year of age
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Snare
Device used to restrain pigs
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Tusk
Canine teeth of hogs, need to be trimmed periodically
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The sheep products are .
The #1 sheep producer in the country is
#1 in the states is .
- wool, lamb and mutton
- Australia
- Texas
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Uses of goats are
dairy, milk, meat, hide, pets, weed eaters
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Original microscope was
monocular (one lens) that used reflective mirrors
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List the 4 Objective Lens of a microscope:
- 1. Red = Low power (4X) Always start observation on lowest power.
- 2. Yellow = Medium power (10X)
- 3. Blue = High power (40X)
- 4. Oil Immersion is (100X)
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Centrifuges are used to
Separate blood & urine and used in PCV (packed cell volume).
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Name the 3 types of cells:
- 1. RBC/Erythrocyte should represent approximately 37-45%. Measured in millions
- 2. WBC/leukocytes Fine white line above the RBC. Measured in thousands
- 3. Platelets/thrombocytes are clotting cells. Measured in thousands
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Plasma is the _____portion of the blood represents the remaining portion of blood.
fluid portion of the blood represents the remaining portion of blood.
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PCV of 28% = ____
PCV of 58% = ____
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Descibe the Diff Quick Method:
- 1. Dip dried blood smear 5 times in Fixative (light blue color)
- 2. Dip slide 5 times in solution 1 (eosinophilic stain)
- 3. Dip slide 5 times in solution 2 (basophilic stain)
- 4. Gently rinse slide under water faucet and allow to dry.
- Examine under Oil immersion
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S shaped nucleus granules in cytoplasm. Granules do not stain any color
Segmented neutrophils
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Immature segmented neutrophils with horse shoe shaped nucleus
Band neutrophils
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Red granules in cytoplasm
Eosinophils
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No granules in cytoplasm. Large cell with irregularly shaped nucleus with dark blue cytoplasm with vacuoles
Monocyte
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Deep purple granules
Basophil
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Small cell with the nucleus takes up the majority of the cell with dark blue cytoplasm
Lymphocytes
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When we look at a differential you count 100 cells.
Segmented neutrophils –Represents ____% of cells.
Band neutrophils –Represents ___% of cells.
Eosinophils –Represents ___% of cells.
Monocyte Represents ___% of cells.
Basophil Represents ___% of cells.
Lymphocytes Represents ___% of cells
- Segmented neutrophils –Represents 60-70% of cells.
- Band neutrophils –Represents 0-3% of cells.
- Eosinophils –Represents 0-15% of cells.
- Monocyte Represents 0-7% of cells.
- Basophil Represents 0-2% of cells.
- Lymphocytes Represents 20-30% of cells
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Variation in size of RBC
Anisocytosis
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Erythrocytes smaller than normal
Microcytosis
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Erythrocytes larger than normal
Macrocytosis
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Variation in shapes of RBCs
Poikilocytosis
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Pale staining erythrocytes
Hypochromic
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Intense staining erythrocytes
Hyperchromic
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Immature RBC
Nucleated Erythrocyte
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Pyknotic, small, round remnants of the nuclear DNA. Occasionally seen in cytoplasm
Howell Jolly Body
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Cytoplasmic clumps of hemoglobin. Seen in animals exposed to toxins like drugs (aspirin, phenothiazine)
Heinz Bodies
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What feline disease results in high mortality in young kittens?
Feline Panleukopenia
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What feline disease has close to 100% motality rate?
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
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Which feline disease has reproductive symptoms of infertility, abortion, fetal reabsorption and "fading" kitten syndrome?
Feline Leukemia Virus
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What feline disease has no cure and is eventually fatal?
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
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What are the 4 core vaccines?
- Feline Panleukopenia
- Feline Respiratory Complex
- Feline Infectious Peritonitis
- Feline Leukemia Virus
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List 3 storage specifications for drugs.
- Temperature Specification: 50-80F
- Light Sensetivity: Leave drugs in box
- Humidity: 40-60%
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What affects the expiration of drugs?
Preservative agents
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List 4 Beef cows:
Angus, Brangus, Beef Fresian, Beefmaster
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List 4 Dairy Cows:
Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Jersey
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Dog Rectal Temperature
100-102
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Dog Respiratory Rate
10-30 rpm
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Dog Average Litter Size
2-15
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Dog Estrus Cycle
6 months
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Cat Rectal Temperature
100-102
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Cat Heartrate
110-130 bpm
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Cat Respiratory rate
20-30 rpm
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Cat Average Litter size
3-4
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Cat Estrus Cycle
- 15-21 days in season
- 2 seaons p/yr
- Induced Ovulator
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Horse Rectal Temperature
99-101
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Horse Heartrate
28-40 bpm
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Horse Respiratory Rate
8-15 rpm
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Horse Gestation
11 months
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Horse Estrus Cycle
21 days
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Cow Rectal Temperature
100-102
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Cow Respiratory Rate
10-30 bpm
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Sheep/Goats Gestation
5 months
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Sheep/Goats Litter Size
2-3
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Size of ponies
14.2 hands
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Size of miniature horse
13.2 hands
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Horses are descendents of what horse
Przewalski
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Uses for horses
Rodeo, cattle work, therapeutic riding, police horse, agriculture work and food.
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In 1800s how did they treat rabies patients?
Cauterize wounds with hot iron and chanting.
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Heartworm lifespan
6-7 months
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