-
What are the functions of the skin?
- Protective wrap
- Regulates temperature
- Senses pain
- Keeps substances and microorganisms from entering the body
- Provides a shield from the harmful effects of the sun
- Indicates malfunction within the body through color changes
-
How does the skin indicates malfunction within the body through color changes?
- Cyanosis: blue coloration of the skin in the extremities signals a lack of O2, indicating a cardiovascular or pulmonary problem.
- Jaundice: indicates liver disease, bile obstruction, or hemolysis of RBCs.
- Abnormal redness accompanies polycythemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, and fever.
- Pallor, or whitening of the skin, might indicate anemia.
-
Melanocytes
cells at the bottom of the epidermis that produce melanin
-
Hypopigmentation
an abnormally low amount or absence of melanin.
-
Composed of connective tissue that supports blood and lymph vessels, elastic fibers, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous or oil glands
Dermis
-
Lies under the dermis and connects the skin to underlying structures.
Subcutaneous tissue
-
Usually accompany lesions and are helpful in making a diagnosis
Pruritis (itching), edema (swelling), erythema (redness), and inflammation
-
Revealing characteristics of skin lesions
size, shape, color, location, and presence or absence of other signs and symptoms.
-
Diagnostic Procedures for Skin Diseases
- Visual examination
- Culture of scrapings for to identifies antibodies and causes
- Complete medical history
- Sensitivity testing or blood test for antibodies
- Biopsie to identify tumors or skin cancer
-
What type of biopsies can be performed to diagnose bening tumors or skin cancer?
Punch, incisional and total excisional
-
A discolored spot on the skin, caused by hyperactive melanocytes secreting excess melanin.
Macule or freckle or ephelide.
-
A small, elevated, circumscribed lession of the skin that is filled with pus; varicella (chickenpox)
Pustule
-
A localized, evanescent elevation of the skin that is often accompanied by itchin; urticaria.
Wheal
-
An eating or gnawing away of tissue
Erosion or ulcer; decubitus ulcer
-
A solid, circumsribed, elevated area on the skin; pimple
Papule
-
A dry, serous or seropurulent, brown, yellow, red or green exudation that is seen in secondary lessions
Crust; exzema
-
A larger papule
Nodule; acne vulgaris
-
A thin, dry flake or cornified epithelial cells
Scale; psoriasis
-
A small fluid filled sac; blister
Vesicle
-
-
A crack-like sore or slit that extends through the epidermis in the dermis
Fissure; athlete's foot
-
Spreading infection of the skin that is most often caused by Streptococci
Cellulitis
-
Infection which is common on the legs and begins with skin damage. Involved area is generally swollen, red, and tender.
Cellulitis
-
What are the symptoms of cellulitis
Fever and chills
-
A superficial infection of the hair follicles characterized by erythema and follicular-based papules and pustules caused by infection with Staphylococci.
Folliculitis
-
Who does folliculitis commonly affect, and which area of the body?
Occurs in young men and affects thighs, buttocks, breard and scalpe.
-
Treatment for folliculitis
Daily cleansing with an antiseptic soap, severe cases require treatment with oral antibiotics.
-
Boils that are a deeper infection of the hair follicle.
Furuncles
-
Clusters of furuncles or boils. Lesions arise in a cluster of hair follicles. Develop and heal more slowly than boils. Appear mostly in men and are commonly located theback of the neck.
Carbuncles
-
Caused by viruses affecting the keratinocytes of the skin, causing them to proliferate
Warts or verucca vulgaris
-
Who and which part of the body do warts commonly affect?
Children and young adults. Particularly on the hands.
-
How can warts be removed?
By a physician via surgery, cryosurgery or laser.
-
Grows inward. Pressure on the soles of the feet makes them
very painful, and they are often difficult to remove permanently.
Plantar warts.
-
A small, dark skin growth that develops from pigment-producing cells or melanocytes which may become malignant.
Nevus or mole (benign tumor)
-
Warning signs of malignant melanoma
Sudden changes in moles such as enlargement with an irregular border, darkening, inflammation, and bleeding.
-
How can a malignant mole be removed?
Excision or cryosurgery.
-
A benign tumor made of small blood vessels that form a red or purple birthmark.
Hemangioma
-
A dark red to purple birthmark that occurs in 3 of every 1000 infants. Port-wine stain can appear anywhere on the body, and most are readily visible at birth. Port-wine stain can be flat or slightly raised and is usually permanent.
Port wine stain (hemangioma)
-
State 3 different hemangioma
Port wine stain, strawberry and cherry.
-
What percentage of the population and which age group is affected by Sebaceous Gland Disorders?
80% between age 12 and 25.
-
Oxidized sebaceous secretion
Blackhead
-
Pyogenic bacteria accumulation under the slin
Whitehead
-
Rare inherited disorder in which no pigment is formed
Albinism
-
A loss of melanin resulting in whitepatches of skin with unknown etiology and no cure.
Vitiligo
-
small brown lesions occurring on the face, neck, and back of the hands due to excessive sun exposure.
Lentigines or liver spots.
-
Patches of darker skin develop on the face especially over the cheeks. Occurs due to hormonal changes in some women during pregnancy or from oral contraceptive use
Melasma or chloasma.
-
A precancerous skin condition caused by exposure to UV radiation.
Actinic keratosis, also known as solar keratosis
-
A benign overgrowth of epithelial cells that are the most common benign tumor in older individuals.
Seborrheic keratosis
-
An abnormally low body temperature resulting from prolonged exposure to cold air or water.
Hypothermia
-
Damage to the skin caused by freezing due to prolonged exposure to cold conditions.
Frostbite
-
A damage to the body’s tissues causedby heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation.
Burn
-
Areas of the skin that havegrown thick in response to repeated pressureand friction and form to protect the skin.
Corns and calluses
-
Cuts in the skin caused by asharp object.
Lacerations
-
Wearing away of the upper layer of skin by friction; they are red, raw, and painful, and bleeding is minimal.
Abrasions, or scrapes
-
Injuries caused by apointed object piercing or penetrating the skin,with minimal bleeding.
Punctures
-
When blood vessels are damaged or broken as a result of a blow to the skin. Blood leaks out of the damaged vessels into the surrounding tissues
Contusions, or bruises.
-
A purplish, flat bruise that occurs when blood leaks out into the top layers of skin
Ecchymosis.
-
A portion of the skin which has been torn away or is barely attached.
Avulsion
-
This cancer develops in any squamous epithelium of the body, including the skin or mucous membranes lining a natural body opening. It is a malignancy of the keratinocytes in the epidermis of people whohave been excessively exposed to the sun.
Squamous cell carcinoma.
-
The most common skin cancer. A slowly growing and generally non metastasizing tumor. Begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, called the basal cell layer.
Basal cell carcinoma
-
A chronic skin disease characterizedby scaling and inflammation. Affects an estimated 2% to 3% of the population world-wide. Occurs in all age groups and equally in men and women.
Psoriasis
-
Which is the most common type of psoriasis?
Plaque psoriasis.
-
An inflammatory skin disease that causes facial erythema. Affects an estimated 14 million people in the United States and over 45 million people worldwide. More frequently diagnosed in women; however, men have more severe signs and symptoms
Rosacea
-
Results from a vascular reaction of the skin to an allergen. It is a common skin condition that affects 15% to 25%of the population at some point in their lives.
Urticaria, or hives
-
A chronic inflammatory skin disorder generally affecting areas of the head and trunk where sebaceous glands are prominent.
Seborrheic dermatitis, or chronic dandruff
-
Give 4 forms of psoriasis
Plaque, guttate, pustular and inverse.
-
An acute, contagious skin infection usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It affects mainly infants and children. Characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and honey color or gold-yellow color crusts.
Impetigo
|
|