Pathophysiology of Diseases.

What are the functions of the skin?

How does the skin indicates malfunction within the body through color changes?

Melanocytes

Hypopigmentation

Composed of connective tissue that supports blood and lymph vessels, elastic fibers, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous or oil glands

Lies under the dermis and connects the skin to underlying structures.

Usually accompany lesions and are helpful in making a diagnosis

Revealing characteristics of skin lesions

Diagnostic Procedures for Skin Diseases

What type of biopsies can be performed to diagnose bening tumors or skin cancer?

A discolored spot on the skin, caused by hyperactive melanocytes secreting excess melanin. 

A small, elevated, circumscribed lession of the skin that is filled with pus; varicella (chickenpox)

A localized, evanescent elevation of the skin that is often accompanied by itchin; urticaria.

An eating or gnawing away of tissue

A solid, circumsribed, elevated area on the skin; pimple

A dry, serous or seropurulent, brown, yellow, red or green exudation that is seen in secondary lessions

A larger papule

A thin, dry flake or cornified epithelial cells

A small fluid filled sac; blister

Large vesicle

A crack-like sore or slit that extends through the epidermis in the dermis

Spreading infection of the skin that is most often caused by Streptococci

Infection which is common on the legs and begins with skin damage. Involved area is generally swollen, red, and tender.

What are the symptoms of cellulitis

A superficial infection of the hair follicles characterized by erythema and follicular-based papules and pustules caused by infection with Staphylococci.

Who does folliculitis commonly affect, and which area of the body?

Treatment for folliculitis

Boils that are a deeper infection of the hair follicle.

Clusters of furuncles or boils. Lesions arise in a cluster of hair follicles. Develop and heal more slowly than boils. Appear mostly in men and are commonly located theback of the neck.

Caused by viruses affecting the keratinocytes of the skin, causing them to proliferate

Who and which part of the body do warts commonly affect?

How can warts be removed?

Grows inward. Pressure on the soles of the feet makes them
very painful, and they are often difficult to remove permanently.

A small, dark skin growth that develops from pigment-producing cells or melanocytes which may become malignant.

Warning signs of malignant melanoma

How can a malignant mole be removed?

A benign tumor made of small blood vessels that form a red or purple birthmark.

A dark red to purple birthmark that occurs in 3 of every 1000 infants. Port-wine stain can appear anywhere on the body, and most are readily visible at birth. Port-wine stain can be flat or slightly raised and is usually permanent.

State 3 different hemangioma

What percentage of the population and which age group is affected by Sebaceous Gland Disorders?

Oxidized sebaceous secretion

Pyogenic bacteria accumulation under the slin

Rare inherited disorder in which no pigment is formed

A loss of melanin resulting in whitepatches of skin with unknown etiology and no cure. 

small brown lesions occurring on the face, neck, and back of the hands due to excessive sun exposure.

Patches of darker skin develop on the face especially over the cheeks. Occurs due to hormonal changes in some women during pregnancy or from oral contraceptive use

A precancerous skin condition caused by exposure to UV radiation.

A benign overgrowth of epithelial cells that are the most common benign tumor in older individuals.

An abnormally low body temperature resulting from prolonged exposure to cold air or water.

Damage to the skin caused by freezing due to prolonged exposure to cold conditions.

A damage to the body’s tissues causedby heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation.

Areas of the skin that havegrown thick in response to repeated pressureand friction and form to protect the skin.

Cuts in the skin caused by asharp object.

Wearing away of the upper layer of skin by friction; they are red, raw, and painful, and bleeding is minimal.

Injuries caused by apointed object piercing or penetrating the skin,with minimal bleeding.

When blood vessels are damaged or broken as a result of a blow to the skin. Blood leaks out of the damaged vessels into the surrounding tissues

A purplish, flat bruise that occurs when blood leaks out into the top layers of skin

A portion of the skin which has been torn away or is barely attached.

This cancer develops in any squamous epithelium of the body, including the skin or mucous membranes lining a natural body opening. It is a malignancy of the keratinocytes in the epidermis of people whohave been excessively exposed to the sun.

The most common skin cancer. A slowly growing and generally non metastasizing tumor. Begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, called the basal cell layer.

A chronic skin disease characterizedby scaling and inflammation. Affects an estimated 2% to 3% of the population world-wide. Occurs in all age groups and equally in men and women.

Which is the most common type of psoriasis?

An inflammatory skin disease that causes facial erythema. Affects an estimated 14 million people in the United States and over 45 million people worldwide. More frequently diagnosed in women; however, men have more severe signs and symptoms

Results from a vascular reaction of the skin to an allergen. It is a common skin condition that affects 15% to 25%of the population at some point in their lives.

A chronic inflammatory skin disorder generally affecting areas of the head and trunk where sebaceous glands are prominent.

Give 4 forms of psoriasis

An acute, contagious skin infection usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It affects mainly infants and children. Characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and honey color or gold-yellow color crusts.