Chemistry

an equation for a chemical reaction in which all formulas are written as complete formulas

an equation that results from canceling spectator ions from a total ionic equation

an equation for a chemical reaction written to show the predominant form of all species in aqueous solution or in contact with water

• acid- proton donor
• base-proton acceptor
• neutral-salt and water formed; salt has cation charateristics of the base and anion characteristics of the acid

• acid-contains Hydrogen H+ donor
• base- contains OH-, H+ acceptor
• neutral-salt and water formed; salt has cation characterisitcs of the base and anion characteristics of the acid

• HCl hydrochloric acid
• HI hydroiodic acid
• HBr hydrobromic acid
• HNO3 nitric acid
• HClO4 perchloric acid
• HClO3 chloric acid
• H2SO4 sulfuric acid

• acid- any species that can accept or share in an electron pair
• base-any species that can donate or share one or more lone pairs of electrons
• neutral- coordinate covalent (or dative) bond formation

• normal- no ionizable H or OH
• acidic- salt with unreacted H atoms (ex. NaH2PO4)
• basic- contains unreacted OH groups (ex. Al(OH)2Cl

• The stronger the acid, the weaker is its conjugate base; the weaker the acid, the stronger is its conjugate base
• example: weak acid HF dissolves in water. The H+ is accepted by both OH- and F- because F- is a stong base; Hf is only slightly ionized

• Change the colours of indicators
• React to form salt and water
• Aqueous solutions conduct electricity because they are ionized

• LiOH lithium hydroxide
• NaOH sodium hydroxide
• KOH potassium hydroxide
• RbOH rubidium hydroxide
• CsOH cesium hydroxide
• Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
• Sr(OH)2 strontium hydroxide
• Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide

H2SO4

NaOH

Ba(OH)2

HNO3

Potassium Hydroxide

Used to standardize bases; 204.2 grams per mole

Used to standardize acids

(9/5)*C+32=F

(F-32)*(5/9)

C+273.15=K

(COOH)2

• P1V1=P2V2
• Constant n, t

• V1/T1=V2/T2
• constant n,p

• P1V1T2=P2V2T1
• constant n

760 mmHg=760 torr

0 C and 1 atm

22.414 L/mol

g/mol

PV=nRT

R= 0.0821 (L*ATM)/(mol*k)

(mass/formula weight)*R*T

Ptotal=PgasA+PgasB...

=PH2+Pwatervapor

=(NtotalRT)/V=(NaRT)/V+(NbRT)/V

N2O