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is the study of the heart.
Cardiology
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Layers of the heart:
Outer layer is
the Epicardium (or Visceral Pericardium)(this layer is serous epithelium)
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Layers of the heart:
the middle layer is
the Myocardium (the muscle layer)
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Layers of the heart:
the innermost layer (next to the lumen) is
the Endocardium (this is endothelium a type of epithelial tissue).
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Upper (Superior) chambers are called
atria (atrium or auricle).
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Lower (Inferior) chambers are called
ventricles
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The wall between the atria is called
the atrial septum.
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The wall between the ventricles is called
the ventricular septum.
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The wall between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called
the right atrio-ventricular septum.
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The valve (opening) in the wall between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called
the right atrio-ventricular valve or the tricuspid valve.
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The wall between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called
the left atrio-ventricular septum
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The valve (opening) in the wall between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called
the left atrio-ventricular valve or bicuspid valve or mitral valve
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The vessels associated with the atria are
ALL veins (blood returning to the heart)
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The vessels associated with the right atrium of the heart are
- the superior vena cava (SVC) (blood returning from the head, upper extremities, and the chest),
- the inferior vena cava (IVC) (blood returning from the abdomen and the lower extremities),
- and the coronary sinus (blood returning from the heart muscle).
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The vessels associated with the left atrium of the heart are
the four pulmonary veins (blood returning from the lungs where it was oxygenated). Two veins from each lung. They have the highest concentration of oxygen.
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The vessels associated with the ventricles are
ALL arteries blood leaving the heart).
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The vessel associated with the right ventricle of the heart is
the pulmonary trunk or common pulmonary artery (blood leaving the heart going towards the lungs for oxygenation). The pulmonary trunk bifurcates (splits into two arteries) into the right and left pulmonary arteries.
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The vessel associated with the left ventricle of the heart is
the aorta or the ascending aorta (blood leaving the heart going to all parts of the body carrying oxygenated blood).
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The aorta is made up of several parts
- ascending aorta,
- arch of the aorta,
- descending thoracic aorta,
- and abdominal aorta.
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The aorta eventually ends by bifurcating (splitting into two) into
the right and left common iliac arteries in the lower abdominal cavity.
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The right atrium is considered to be
the end of systemic circulation.
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The right ventricle is considered to be
the beginning of pulmonary circulation.
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The left atrium is considered to be
the end of pulmonary circulation.
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The left ventricle is considered to be
the beginning of systemic circulation.
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The atrio-ventricular valves of the heart are made up of three different structures:
the cusps, the chordae tendineae, and the papillary muscles.
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The cusps resemble
the dome of a parachute
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the chordae tendineae are
the tendinous (tendons) cords that connect to the papillary muscles
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1. The system of the body which deals with the blood, heart, arteries, veins, and lymphatics is called
circulatory
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2. The muscle layer of the heart is called
Myocardium
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3. Chamber of the heart where systemic circulation ends.
Rt Atrium
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4. Chamber of the heart where pulmonary circulation begins,
Rt Ventricle
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5. Another name for the right atrio-ventricular valve.
Tricuspid
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6. Another name for the left atrio-ventricular valve.
mitral
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7. The "pacemaker" of the heart is also called
SA Node
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8. "Wall" dividing the thoracic from the abdominal cavities.
Diaphragm
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9. The portion of the blood that is about 95% water.
Plasma
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10. Blood cells make up approximately _% of the blood volume.
45
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11. The blood cells responsible for clotting are called
Thrombocytes
or
Platelettes
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12. The union of the distal ends of two arteries is called
Anastomosis
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13. Blood vessels that carry the blood in the general direction towards the heart
veins
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14. The blood cells responsible for fighting-off infections
Leukocytes
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15. The blood cells which contain hemoglobin.
Erythrocytes
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16. Vessel entering the heart that drains the abdomen and the lower extremities.
Inferior Vena Cava
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17. The first section of the aorta is called
Ascending aorta
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18. The number of vessels associated with the right atrium of the heart.
3
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19. The 2nd section of the aorta is called
arch of the aorta
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20. The term which means, the study of blood.
hematology
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21. The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.
Systole
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22. The outer layer of an artery or vein is called the tunica
externa
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23. The 3rd section of the aorta is called
descending thoracic aorta
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24. The normal pH of blood is (a number).
7.3-7.4
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25. The minute tendinous chords connecting the atrio-ventricular valves of the heart to the papillary muscles.
chordae tendineae
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26. The action of blood cells escaping the vascular system by passing through the walls of the capillaries is called:
diapedesis
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27. The final section of the aorta is called
descending Aorta
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28. The name of the individual credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood.
William Harvey
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29. The position with the body standing erect, facing the observer, and the hands at the side with the palms facing the observer is said to be the _.
anatomical position
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30. The middle layer of the wall of the heart is called__
myocardium
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31. The process by which a blood cell surrounds, engulfs and destroys foreign substances:
phagocytosis
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32. Chamber of the heart where pulmonary circulation ends.
Lt atrium
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33. Blood type ___ is said to be the universal donor.
O
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34. The term visceral refers to
organs in a cavity
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35. The aorta begins at this chamber of the heart.
Lt Ventricle
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36. The aorta terminates by bifurcating into the
right and left common iliac arteries
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37. Arteries have three layers in their walls while arterioles have _.
2
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38. The region immediately inferior to the hypochondriac region of the abdomen
lumbar
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39. Chamber of the heart where systemic circulation begins.
Lt Ventricle
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40. The innermost layer of an artery or vein is made up of this type of basic (elemental) body tissue.
epithelial
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41. The SA-Node is located in this chamber of the heart.
Rt Atrium
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42. The Tricuspid valve is located between these two chambers of the heart.
Rt Atrium & Rt Ventricle
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43. The Bicuspid valve is located between these two chambers of the heart.
lt Atrium & Lt Ventricle
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44. The Mitral valve is located between these two chambers of the heart.
lt Atrium & Lt Ventricle
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45. The most superior chamber of the heart containing oxygenated blood
Lt atrium
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46. The Tricuspid valve is located between these two chambers of the heart.
Rt Atrium & Rt Ventricle
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47. The most inferior chamber of the heart containing de-oxygenated blood.
Rt Ventricle
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48. The Pacemaker is located in this chamber of the heart.
Rt Atrium
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49. The AV-Node is located in this chamber of the heart.
Rt Atrium
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50. Vessel entering the heart that drains the head, neck, and the upper extremities
Super Vena Cava
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51. Vessel entering the heart that drains the heart muscle.
Coronary Sinus
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52. Vessels entering the heart that return blood to the heart from the lungs.
Pulmonary Veins
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53. Vessel leaving the heart that carries blood towards all Parts of the body
Ascending Aorta
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54. Vessel leaving the heart that carries blood towards the lungs.
Pulmonary artery
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55. The process by which leukocytes surround, ingest, and destroy foreign substances in the blood stream.
Phagocytosis
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56. The papillary muscles are always found in these chambers of the heart.
Ventricles
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57. The chordae tendinae are always found in these chambers of the heart.
Ventricles
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58. Another name for the Pacemaker of the heart is _____.
SA Node
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The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
mitral
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The heart is classified as a
muscle
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Blood vessel which carries blood to the heart
vein
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The heart is a little larger than your
fist
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_____ regulate the flow of blood through the heart
valves
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One function of the heart is to ______ blood to the lungs.
pump
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The tough, muscular wall of the heart
myocardium
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Upper chamber of the heart
atrium
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From the right side of the heart blood goes to the _________
lung
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Lining of the heart
endocardium
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Waste gas: carbon
dioxide
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Warning of a heart attack: pain may radiate down the __________
arm
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Blood vessel which carries blood from the heart
artery
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The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
aortic
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The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
pulmonary
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The heart pumps blood to each body ______
tissue
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Lower chamber of the heart
ventricle
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Fiber-like bag surrounding the heart
pericardium
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Wall which divides heart cavity down the middle
septum
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The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
tricuspid
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The artery/vein connecting lungs and heart
pulmonary
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______ is pumped through the body to nourish all of the tissues
blood
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Great trunk artery which receives blood from the left ventricle
aorta
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