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Cattle, Swine, Sheep, Goats and Horses are all sources of what type of meat product?
Red Meat
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Pultry is considered what type of meat product?
White meat
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The top world leader in red meat supply is?
China
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The second world leader in red meat supply is?
US
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The most produced red meat is?
Pork
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The second most produced red meat product is?
Beef
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Veal is from?
Calves less than three months of age
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Pork comes from?
Swine/Pigs
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Chevon/Cabrito comes from what animal?
Goats
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Name the top three states for cattle slaughter:
- 1. Nebraska
- 2. Texas
- 3. Kansas
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What are the three leading red meat packing plants?
- 1. Tyson
- 2. Cargill Meat Solutions
- 3. JBS
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What are the top four states for Hog Slaughter:
- 1. Iowa
- 2. North Carolina
- 3. Illinois
- 4. Minnesota
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What are the top three states for sheep slaughter?
- 1.Colorado
- 2. Iowa
- 3. Michigan
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True or False: Animals are transported to the packing plant alive and mobile?
True
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Carbon dioxide gas, captive bolt guns, and elecctricity are all ways to do what?
Make an animal unconcious
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What arteries are severed to drain blood from the animal?
Jugular/Carotid
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The hide is left on for what animal during slaughter?
Hogs
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The visceral head and other by products are called?
Offal
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Getting the blood drained quickly during slaughter helps build up what to give the meat a bright red color?
Lactic Acid
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Fill,fatness,weight of hide, weight of wool, and muscle all affect what?
Dressing Percentage
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The highest dressing percentage found is in what?
Show Steers
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The average dressing percentage of hogs?
70-75%
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The average dressing percentage of cattle?
60-65%
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The average dressing percentage of sheep is?
50-55%
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The average dresing percentage of gaots is?
45-50%
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The sheep beats goats for dressing percentage because?
Goats have more fill, and the sub-q fat of goats sticks to their hide
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How do we determine dressing percentage?
Carcass weight/ Live weight x 100
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The three cuts we can breakdown a carcass into are:
Primal Cuts, Wholesale Cuts, and Retail Cuts
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The primal Cuts for beef are:
Round, Loin, Rib and Chuck
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The primal cuts for lamb is:
Shoulder, Breast, Rib, Loin, Leg
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The prima cuts for pigs are:
Boston, Butt, Stomach, Shoulder and Loin
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True or False: In pork and beef carcasses are split, washed and then chilled folowing offal removal.
True
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Boxed beef, boxed pork, and boxed lamb are shipped from the packing plant as what type of cut?
Retail Cuts
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Manyprocessing plants process carcasses into what meat cuts?
Wholesale and Retail Cuts
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The what of lean meat determines nutritional value?
Chemical Composition
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True or False: While animals age water and proein percentages increase while fat percentage decreases
False: As animals age fat percentages increase while water and protein percentages decrease
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What is a disease that comes from anaerobic bacteria?
Tetanus
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Name the four types of fat.
Intermuscular, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous, and Internal Fat
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Tendons that attatch muscle to the bone are considered?
Connective Tissue
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Terminal are determined on a?
Carcass merit basis
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Terminal markets are the first/last stop before going to die?
Last
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When high levels of progesterone are seen this means what is present?
A corpus leuteum
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What is the pregnancy hormone?
Progesterone
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When progesterone falls you have a rise in what?
Estrogen and LH
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Estrus is?
Standing Heat or the period of sexual receptivity
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Estrous is?
21 day reproductive cycle
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The hormone ,GnRH or gonadotropin-releasing hormone, controls what?
Released in pressence of estrogen and stimulates the release of FSH and LH
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FSH, or follicle stimulating hormone, controls what?
Follicle development and formation
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LH or leutenizing hormone, controls what?
Ovulation and CL formation
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An LH surge initiates what?
Ovulation
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The CL produces what hormone?
Progesterone
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PGF2a, goes in and drops_______ destroying the________?
Progesterone, CL
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Ludalace is used as a ________ drug and works the same as _______?
Abortion, PGF2a
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Cidr stands for?
controlled intravaginal device release
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The time between fertilization and partuition is called?
Gestation period
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Every _____hours a division of the fertilized egg occurs.
20
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After 45 days in cattle body parts and organs form and the embryo is now called?
A fetus
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The outer shell of an embryo is called?
Zona Pellucida
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Oxytocin causes what?
Contractions and milk let down
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The gestation length of cattle is?
283 days
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The gestation length of pigs is?
114 days
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The gestation length of sheep and goats is?
148-152 days
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What hormone released by the fetus innitiates partuition?
Cortisol
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Calf pullers, Cesarean section, and wire saw foetotomy are used when?
The calf is stuck or in improper placement
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Cesarean section is used to save calf/cow?
Calf
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Wire saw foetotomy is used to save calf/cow?
Cow
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