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Which of the following behaviors can best be described as objective behavior?
watching a TV game show
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Which of the following schools of pshcology is most likely to emphasize the relationship between stimuli and responses?
Behaviorism
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Limitations of naturalistic observation include:
- all of these
- the potential for observer effect
- the potential for observer bias
- that the data collected provides a description, but not an explanation
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Sometimes observes in naturalistic observation see what they expect to see even when it doesn't occur. This problem is called
Observer bias
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The temptation to attribute human thoughts, feelings, and motives to animals is called the
Anthropromoric fallacy
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A study to determine the degree to which two observations or events vary together is called
a controlled experiment
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Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the strongest relationship between two sets of variables
-0.98
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To be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship exists, it is necessary to
perform a controlled experiment
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The independent variable in an experiment is
the variable that the experimenter chooses to manipulate
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The variables that are unwanted in an experiment are called _____ variables
extraneous
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In an experiment, the experimental and control groups differ only with respect to
An exposure to the independent variable
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The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that it
provides a point of reference against which the behavior of the experimental group can be compared
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When subjects in an experiment are chosen so that each has an equal chance of being in either the experimental group or the control group, we say that the subjects have been assigned
randomly
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Critics of the use of laboratory experiments as a means of studying behavior suggest that they
provide for the study of behavior under artificial conditions.
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An advantage of the experimental method is that
- all of these
- clear cause-and effect relationships can be identified
- powerful controlled observations can be staged
- there is no need to wait for a natural event to occur
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Responding to a substance like a sugar pill as if it were a drug is called
a placebo effect
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An experiment in which neither the subjects nor the experiments know who is receiving a drug or a placebo is called a ____ experiment
double blind
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The observation that an experimenter's expectations can have an influence on the outcome of the experiment is called
the experimenter effect
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A psychiatrist does extensive interviewing and testing of a client with at least three distinct personalities her investigation is a
Case study
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The survey method involves
careful questioning of a representative sample of people
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In the nervous system, electrical charges are set up because of unequal concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell. The electrical charge of an inactive neuron is known as
a resting potential
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The trigger point at which a neuron will "fire" is called the
action potential
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The conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called an
action potential
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The "all-or-nothing event" refers to the fact that
action potentials occur completely or not at all
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Communication is carried out between neurons at the _____, where neurotransmitters are secreted.
synapse
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Receptor sites on a neuron are primarily found on
dendrites and soma
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Which of the following best describes the means by which neurons communicate with each other?
Neurotransmitters flow across the synapse and attach to receptor sites.
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The effect of mind-altering drugs may be a result of their
ability to duplicate or block neurotransmitters
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The main function of myelin is to
affect the speed of nerves impulses
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The autonomic nervous system contains two brances called the
sympatheitc and parasympathetic systems
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The parasympathetic branch of the ____ nervous system ____.
autonomic; quiets the body and helps keep vial functions at moderate levels
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When you see an attractive person sit down next to you on the bus, the mad pounding of your heart is under the influence of the
automonic nervous system
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The function of the sympathetic nervous system is to prepare the body for
"fight or flight"
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The reflex arc occurs when a stimulus provokes an
automatic response within the spinal cord without brain involvement
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The ____ cerebral hemisphere is superior at language, computational math, and analytic thought.
left
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The visual area of the brain is located in the ___ lobe.
occipital
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The area of the frontal lobe that directs the body's muscles is called the
motor cortex
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Which of the following is most closely associated with language production?
Broca's area
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The reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing are found in the
medulla
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Muscle tone, body balance, and muscular coordination are regulated by the
cerebellum
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Which of the following is most involved in the production of emotion?
the limbic system
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The limbic system includes the
hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of the thalamus
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The formation of memories depends on the
hippocampus
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The "master gland" is the
pituitary gland
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The study of changes in behavior from conception to death encompasses
developmental psychology
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Heredity can have an effect on
- all of these
- eye and skin color
- susceptibility to some diseases
- personality traits
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Bruce has a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene for blue eyes. Bruce's eye color would be
brown
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Temperament refers to
the physical core on one's personality
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A teratogen
is any substance capable of causing birth defects
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Which of the following statements are true?
- all of these statements are true
- the brain of a newborn has fewer dendrites and synapses that the brain of an adult
- early learning environments literally shape the developing brain
- as new connections form in the baby's brain every day, unused connections disappear
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The physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system is called
maturation
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Cephalocaudal means
from the head to the toes
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By the age of two to three months, infants smile more frequently when another person in nearby. This behavior is called a
social smile
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Distress displayed by infants separated from their parents or caregivers is called
seperation anxiety
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Nat likes to "lay down the law" and takes no arguments from his children. According to the research on parenting by Diana Baumrind, Nat is exhibiting ____ parenting.
authoritarian
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____parents give little guidance and do not enforce rules or hold children accountable for their actions.
Overly permissive
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of discipline discussed in the test?
passive withdrawal
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Which combination of chromosomes would a male baby have
an X and Y at the 23rd pair
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Behavioral traits are the result of ____ influence.
polygenic
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____ is the adolescent stage of Erickson's theory of psychosocial development where the goal is to establish values and beliefs that are unique
identity vs role confusion
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People raised by _____ parents have a higher risk of psychological disorders.
authoritarian
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Teratogens generally do the most harm _____ pregnancy.
early in
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A strong physical bond between a child and his or her carefiver is called
attachment
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According to Erickson, ____ refers to the psychosocial conflict of the school years
initiative vs guilt
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Maggie always feeds and cares for her newborn infant when he shows signs of hunger or discomfort. By providing her infant with this predictable care, Erickson would say that Maggie's infant will
develop trust
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According to Erickson, a child entering adolescence can expect the major developmental task to center around the need to
develop a sense of one's self
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