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yl456
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Nifedipine
- Dihydropyridine
- Blocks voltage-gated calcium channel
- Used to treat hypertension and angina
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Diltiazem
- Benzothiazepine
- Blocks voltage-gated calcium channels
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Amiodarone
- Class 3 antidysrhythmic agent
- Prolongs action potential and refractory period
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Digoxin/Digitoxin
- Cardiac glycoside
- Alleviate oedema
- Used for dysrhythmias
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Ouabain
- Cardiac glycoside
- Used experimentally to inhibit Na-K-ATPase
- Too powerful to use clinically
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Bisoprolol
- β1 antagonist
- Used for stable heart failure
- Potential danger of over inhibition
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Milrinone
- Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor
- Inodilator
- Used in heart failure
- Can produce dysrhythmias
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Pimobendan
- Calcium senisitiser
- Increases cardiac Ca2+ binding efficiency
- Used in canine dilated cardiomyopathy (esp Dobermans)
- Used in canine mitral valve regurgitation
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Levosimendan
- Calcium senisitiser
- Increases cardiac Ca2+ binding efficiency
- Only one used in human practice
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Bosentan
- Non-specific endothelin receptor antagonist
- Used for pulmonary arterial hypertension
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Streptokinase
- Binds to plasminogen activator causing generation of plasmin
- Leads to degradation of the fibrin in clots
- 47kDA protein formed by haemolytic streptococci
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Anistreplase
- Combination of plasminogen and anisoylated streptokinase
- Degrades fibrin
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Alteplase
- Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator
- Breaks down clots
- Single chain
- Greater activity on plasminogen bound to fibrin
- in clots
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Aspirin
- Used alongside other therapies to prevent thrombosis
- Can improve morbidity and mortality in heart disease combined with clopidogrel
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Clopidogrel
- Inhibits platelet aggregation
- By inhibiting binding of ADP to its receptor on platelets
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Eptifibatide
- Inhibitor of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
- Cyclic heptapeptide inhibitor
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Tirofiban
- Inhibitor of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
- Non-peptide inhibitor
- Can be used for prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with unstable angina
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Heparin
- Anticoagulant produced by basophils and mast cells
- Activates enzyme inhibitor antithrombin III
- Can be used for unstable angina and after myocardial infarction
- Has to be given by injection
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Warfarin
- Inhibits clotting
- Can be given orally
- Inhibits synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X
- Inhibits regulatory factors protein C, S, Z
- Used for increased tendency for thrombosis
- Can be used as prophylaxis for already formed blood clot
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Aminocaproic Acid
- Inhibits excessive clot lysis
- Competitively inhibits plasminogen activation
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Tranexamic Acid
Analogue of aminocaproic acid
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Furosemide
- Loop diuretic
- Blocks Na-K-2Cl co-transport in the apical membrane in TAL
- Weak inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
- Acts in 10 minutes when given intravenously
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Hydrochlorothiazide
- Thiazide diuretic
- Some inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
- Blocks Na-Cl cotransport in early distal tubule
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Amiloride
- Potassium-sparing diuretic
- Prevents Na+ reabsorption by blocking apical channels
- Weak diuretic effect
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Triamterene
- Potassium-sparing diuretic
- Prevents Na+ reabsorption by blocking apical channels
- Weak diuretic effect
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Spironolactone
- Potassium-sparing diuretic
- Aldosterone antagonist
- Metabolised by canrenone in liver
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Potassium Canrenoate
- Potassium-sparing diuretic
- K+ salt of canrenone
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Acetazolamide
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- Inhibits NaHCO3 reabsorption in proximal and distal tubules
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Mannitol
- Osmotic diuretic
- Filtered in glomerulus and not reabsorbed
- Increases urine volume
- Decreases Na+ reabsorption in proximal tubule
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Captopril
- ACE inhibitor
- Antagonist of renin-angiotensin system
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Enalapril
- ACE inhibitor
- Converted into active metabolite enalaprilat in liver
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Saralasin
- Angiotensin II partial agonist
- Peptide
- Not suitable for oral administration
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Losartan
- Angiotensin II antagonist
- Acts on AT1 receptor
- Non-peptide
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a-Methylnoradrenaline
- Sympathomimetic amine
- Treatment of hypertension
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Clonidine
- α2 adrenergic agonist
- decreases cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, lowering blood pressure
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Nicotine
- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
- Increases flow of adrenaline
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Propranolol
- non specific ß-antagonist
- class II sympathetic antagonist
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Reserpine
- antihypertensive drug
- used to dope racehorses
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Sildenafil
Phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor
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