a system of beliefs that assert the inferiority of one sex and that justify discrimination based on gender- that is one feminine or masculine behavior
patriarchies
a male dominated society
exist everywhere
cultural beliefs and values typically give higher prestige and importance to men than to women
matriarchies
societies that give preference to womenÂ
rare in contemporary world
Objectification
being treated like objects rather than people
institutional sexism
the subordination of women that is part of the everday workings of social institutions
pay equity
pay for particular jobs shouldn't be low simply because those jobs happen to be filled predominantly by women.
sex
biological maleness or femaleness
gender
psycholgical, social and cultural aspects of malesness and femaleness
Something people do
Gender Socialization
process through which one learns how to act according to the rules and expectations of a particular cultue regarding gender
Borderwork
cross-sex activity that strengthens boundaries between girls and boys
Boys popularity factors
athletic abilitiy, coolness, toughness, savoir-faire, interest in and romantic success with girls'
Academic success can be negative
Girls popularity factors
family background, physical attractiveness, social skills
Why do men make more than women?
1. Different work patterns
2. occupational segregation
3. occupation-wide pay discrimination
4. promotion gap
Most underpaid jobs
Jobs requiring nurturing skills
Pay equity
principle that women and men who perform jobs that are of equal value to society and that require equal training ought to be paid equally
Three studies that illustrate men using violence to defend masculine identity
Luckenbill's study of homicide to save face
katz's study of stick-up artists
Ahten's Study of violent criminalsÂ
Party Rape
an acquaintance rape that "occurs at an off-campus house or on- or off-campus fraternity and involves... plying a woman with alcohol or targeting an intoxicated woman"