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Mosquitoes can transmit which worm?
Where does this worm live?
- Filariasis
- Lymphatics --> edema
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Acute/ Chronic Inflammatory Disease is caused by
Filariasis
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Elephantitis is caused by
Filariasis
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Chyluria
Rupture of varices into the urinary tract. Caused by filariasis.
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Filariasis tx?
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)- kills microfilia
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Transmitted via the bite of black flies or buffalo gnats
Onchocerca volvulus
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What form of Onchocerca volvulus is released into skin?
Infective larvae penetrate skin and mature into adults (fibrous subcuatneous nodules). These release unsheated microfiliarie into skin.
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Diagnostic stage of Onchocerciasis
Microfilariae migrating through the skin
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Hanging groin
Onchocerciasis
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What is the most common symptoms of Onchocerciasis?
Eye lesions ("snow flake" corneal opacities)
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Snow flake corneal opacities are seen in
Onchocerciasis
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Dog heartworm
Dirofilaria immitis
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Raccoon heartworm
D. tenuis
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Mazzotti rxns?
Seen in?
- Intense pruritic rxn w/ erythema, edem and papules upon microfilarial death.
- Onchocerciasis
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Nodules occur in lungs (coin lesions) of humans
Dirofilariasis
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How Dirofilarisis transmitted?
Infected larvae are introduced into man by mosquito bite.
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No microfilaria are seen in blood because the worms can't reach maturity in humans by
Dirofilariasis
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How does tapeworm get nutrients?
No digestive tract, absorbs nutrients through the skin
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Taenia saginata
Beef tapeworm
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Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
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Tapeworm Terminology:
Scolex
Head or attachment portion of tapeworm, attachment may be by suckers, hooks (armed) or both
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Tapeworm Terminology:
Rostellum
Projection of scolex that may or may not contain hooks
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Tapeworm Terminology:
Strobila
Entire chain of proglottids
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Tapeworm Terminology:
Proglottids
Segments containing reproductive organs
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Tapeworm Terminology:
Oncosphere
Spherical, six hooked tapeworm larvae
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How is Taenia transmitted?
Eating poorly cooked beef or pork containing encysted infectious larvae (cyticerci)
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Eatin poorly cooked beef or pork can cause
Taenia
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Gravid proglottids passed in feces of
Taenia
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What does Taenia pass in feces?
Eggs, gravid proglottids
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Taenia saginata or Taenia solium:
4 suckersUnarmed rostellumNO hooks
Taenia saginata
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Taenia saginata or Taenia solium:
4 suckers
Armed rostellum
Double row of 22-32 hooks
Taenia solium
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How many lateral uterine branches?
T. saginata:
T. solium:
- T. saginata: 15-30
- T. solium: 7-12
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Diagnosis of Taenia
Recovery of Taenia eggs in feces, eggs of two species are identical
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Life Cycle of Cysticercosis
- Eggs hatch in the stomach and SI.
- Oncospheres use 6 hooklets to penetrate intestinal epithelium and go into lymphatic and vascular systems.
- Oncospheres develop to cyticerci- a fluid filled bladder worm with an inverted scolex
- Most frequently symptomatic in CNS
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Cysticerci
Fluid-filled bladder worm w/ an inverted scolex
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Cysterci develop from
Taenia solium --> Oncospheres --> Cysticerci
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Cysticerci is most frequently symptomatic in the
CNS
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What is the most common presentation of neurocysticercosis?
Seizures
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Can cause parenchymal cysts (majority), meningeal cysts, ventricular cysts, spinal cord cysts
Cysticercosis
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Cystercercosis cerebral damage results from?
Pressure necrosis and inflammation
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Calcified and uncalcified cysts on x-ray or CAT scans in brain?
Cysticercosis
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Cysticercosis tx?
- Albendazole (parenchymal cysts)
- Corticosteroids (dampens inflammatory response in brain cysts)
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Why do you conduct an opthalmic exam prior to drug tx of Cysticercosis?
Chemotherapy is NOT recommended for ocular cysts, surgical removal is often possible
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Transmission of Dipylidium caninum
Ingestion of fleas containing infective cyticerci
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Infective ________ develop from eggs in flea larvae, are still present in adult fleas, and infect humans when ingested.
Cysticercoid larvae
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2 species of Echinococcus
- E. granulosus
- E. mulitlocularis
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When carnivores ingest visceral organs from infected herbivores, the scolesces from teh cyst attach to the small intestine and develop to adults.
Echnococcus
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Produce space occupying lesions, pressure exerted by growing cyst mimcit those of expanding tumors
Echniococcus granulosus
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Chronic signs include heptomegaly, obstructive jaundice, epigastric pain, bloatin, nausea, indigesstin
Hepatic Hydatid Disease (Echinococcus granulosus)
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Hepatic Hydatid Disease
Echinococcus granulosus
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Cyst rupture leads to acute symptoms in
Echinococcus granulosus
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Echinococcus granulosus tx?
- Albendazole
- Praziquantel (prior to surgery or for cyst leakage)
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Invasive tumor like thing w/ hylanine membrane is much thinner than E. ganulosus
E. multilocularis
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Improperly cooked fish can lead to infection with
Diphyllobothrium latum
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Name 3 host Diphyllobothrium latum requires
- Definitive hosts (Humans and fish eating carnivores)
- First Int. Hosts (Copepods)
- Second Int. Hosts (Freshwater fish)
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Diphyllobothrium latum: Develop into ____ with a rudimentary scolex withing the muscles of fish
Plerocercoid
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