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Cardiovascular System
Mechanism for rapid transport of nutrients, waste products, respiratory gases and cells within the body
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Blood
Specialized fluid connective tissue
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Functions of Blood
- Transporting dissolved gases, nutrients , hormones & metabolic waste
- Regulate Ph and electrolyte composition of the interstitial fluids
- Restricting fluid loss through damaged vessels
- Defending against pathogens and toxins
- Regulating body temp by absorbing and redistributing heat
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Blood is made up of?
- Plasma
- Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
- White Blood Cells (WBCs)
- Platelets
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The three classes of plasma proteins are
- Albumins
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
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Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
Attack foreign proteins and pathogens
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Albumens
Most abundant proteins and major contributers to the osmotic pressure of plasma
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Globulins contain?
antibodies and transport proteins
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Transport Proteins
Bind small ions, hormones or compounds that might otherwise be lost at the kidneys or that have very low solubility in water
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What is Fibrinogen
Plasma protein that that functions in blood clotting
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Hemopoiesis is?
Process by which all formed elements (RBCs, WBCs and platelets) are produced
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Hemocytoblasts
Stem cells that divide to produce RBCs, WBCs and platelets (formed elements)
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Red Blood Cells abbreviation and other name
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Hemocrit
Percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements
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What do RBCs do?
- Transport CO2 and O2 within the blood stream
- Lack many organelles and usually degenerate aft 120 days in the blood stream
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Hemoglobin
- Found in RBCs
- Globular protein formed from 4 subunits
- Each subunit contains a single molecule of heme & can reversably bind an O2 molucule
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The formation of Red Blood Cells is called and occurs where?
Erthropoiesis takes place in the red bone marrow (myeloid tissue)
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Erythropoietin (EPO) is?
- Erythropoiesis stimulating hormone
- Hormone is excreted when peripheral tissues are exposed to low O2 concentrations
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Stages in RBC development include
- Erythroblasts
- Reticulocytes
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Surface Antigens
- Substances that your immune defenses recognize as "normal"
- In other words you immune system ignores them rather than attacking them as foreign
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What determines blood type?
Three surface antigens R, B & Rh
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Four Blood Types & their antigens
- Type A: Blood has antigen A only
- Type B: Blood has antigen B only
- Type AB: Blood has both A & B antigens
- Type O: Blood has neither A nor B antigens
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Inotropy
Contractility of the heart
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Chromotropy
Rate of heart beat
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Dromotropy
Conductivity of the heart
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