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A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is
maladaptive
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Which of the following situations does NOT indicate that an individual needs psychological help?
Sheila is a 50-year-old grandmother who rides motorcycles, skydives, and skateboards
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The chief distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is
confusion of fantasy and reality
-
Schizophrenia and delusional disorders are types of
psychotic disorder
-
Persons who are either euphoric and hyperactive or severely depressed may be suffering from
mood disorder
-
Which of the following is classified as a mood disorder
bipolar disorder
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Obsessive-compulsive disorders involve
high levels of anxiety
-
Behavior problems in which the person exhibits symptoms suggesting physical disease or injury, but for which there is no identifiable cause, are called
somatoform disorders
-
Which of the following is a dissociative disorder?
multiple personality
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____ are deeply ingrained, unhealthy behavior patterns that usually appear in adolescence and continue through much of adult life and include paranoid, narcissistic, dependent, and other types
Personality disorders
-
Which of the following is a personality disorder?
narcissism
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Blanche is always overly dramatic, enjoys being the center of attention. Blanch fits the description of a _____ personality
Historic
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Those who are preoccupied with their own importance, and crave attention and admiration, have a ___ personality
narcissistic
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Deceiving and manipulating others without any remorse are the main characteristics of the ____ personality disorder.
antisocial
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Salvatore has extreme perfectionism that often prevents him from completing tasks. Salvatore would most likely be diagnosed with an ____ personality disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
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Thomas tends to e so overly suspicious of people's motives that he appears to trust no one. Thomas fits the description of a ___ personality disorder
paranoid
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Anxiety refers to
feelings of apprehension, dread, or uneasiness
-
In general, anxiety-related problems involve
- all of these
- pervasive feelings of stress, insecurity, and inferiority
- a tendency to use rigid defense mechanisms
- restrictive, self-defeating behavior patterns.
-
Social phobia, a post-traumatic stress disorder, and agoraphobia are classifies as
anxiety disorders
-
Annabelle is in the grocery store when she notices her heart is racing, and she becomes very dizzy. Annabelle is exhibiting symptoms of a
panic disorder
-
Sue is housebound. She is suffering from
agoraphobia
-
Julie can't stop thinking about germs and dirt. She is suffering from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
-
The difference between an acute stress disorder and PTSD is
how long the disturbance lasts
-
In most cases, dissociative identity disorder occurs as a response to
extreme abuse or trauma
-
A person who regularly interprets normal body sensations as signs of a serious disease has
hypochondriasis
-
In contrast to hypochondriasis, somatization disorders result when
anxieties are expressed as numerous physical ailments
-
"Glove anesthesia" is a
loss of feeling in the hand that contradicts the known workings of the nervous system
-
When a person experiences delusions and/or hallucinations and loses contact with shared views of reality, the person is experiencing a
psychosis
-
False beliefs that are held even when the facts contradict them are called
delusions
-
Allison believes that the announcer on a T.V. program is speaking to her and that the message has special mystical significance. She shows signs of
delusions of reference
-
Imaginary sensations, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling things that do not exist in the real world are known as
hallucinations
-
The type of schizophrenia marked by incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking, and flat affect is called
disorganized
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Hal is a resident at a psychiatric facility. He often remain motionless in an off posture for hours and sometimes days at a time. From what type of schizophrenia is he probably suffering?
catatonic
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___ schizophrenia usually involves delusions of persecution and grandeur.
Paranoid
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The risk of developing schizophrenia for the general population is ___ percent.
one
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The dopamine-psychosis link is based on the obervation that
there are high levels of dopamine activity in the brains of psychotic people
-
Major disturbances in emotion, such as depression or mania, are classified as
mood disorders
-
Sadness, hopelessness, withdrawal, and feelings of worthlessness are symptoms of
a depressive disorder
-
In ____, people go both "up" and "down" emotionally.
bipolar disorders
-
Calvin has been on a "pleasure binge" for the last three days. A week ago he was felling like a failure and was withdrawn and unhappy. Calvin would most likely be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
-
A patient is asked to concentrate on the thought that most upset her. At the same time, she is asked to watch a moving pencil. The patient is probably being treated with
eye movement desensitization
-
____ refers to learning based on the consequence of making a response.
operant conditioning
-
Shaping, time out, and extinction are three principles of
operant conditioning
-
If you get praised by your parents for making A's in your college courses, the grades are
positive reinforcers
-
If a response is not followed by a reward after is has been repeated many time, it will go away. This describes the operant condition term of
extinction
-
Mrs. Parkers first grade class has been used to just calling out her name to her her attention. she calls on the students who quietly raise their hands to get her attention and doesn't answer those loudly calling her name. Eventually the students will stop loudly calling out her name because of the behavioral principle of
extinction
-
A ____ procedure is a variation of non-reinforcement and involves removing the individual from a situation in chich reinforcement occurs.
time-out
-
Scolding misbehaving children in a classroom may actually increase misbehavior because of the
reinforcing effects of attention
-
By using tokens, a therapist can
immediately reward positive responses
-
Tokens are
often exchanged for candy, recreation, or privileges
-
An elementary school teacher practically ends classroom discipline problem by giving the students "chances" in a lottery to be held at the end of the week for some small toy. The teacher has used
operant conditioning/tokens
-
Cognitive therapist are mainly interested in
what people think, believe, and feel
-
According to Aaron Beck, depressed persons see themselves, the world, and the future in negative terms because of
major distortions in thinking
-
When a person blows a single unpleasant event out of proportion by extending it to a large number of unrelated situations the person is exhibiting
overgeneralization
-
Beck labels the tendency of depressed persons to see things as completely good or bad, right or wrong as
all-or-nothing thinking
-
Rational-emotive behavior therapy attributes negative emotions to
irrational beliefs
-
In the A-B-C analysis of rational-emotive behavior therapy, the letters stand for
activating experience, irrational beliefs, emotional consequences
-
The use of drugs to alleviate the symptoms of emotional disturbance is known as
pharmacotherapy
-
One of the drawback of using pharmacotherapy with psychotic disorders is that it
may cause adverse neurological side effects, such as rhythmic facial and mouth movements
-
Which of the following types of drugs are used to reduce hallucinations and delusions?
major tranquilizers
-
The most appropriate use of electroconvulsive therapy is as a
last resort means of treatment for selected cases of depression that involves self-destructive or suicidal behavior
-
The use of electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of depression
- involves all of these considerations
- produces only temporary improvement and must be combined with other treatments
- can cause memory losses in some patients
- should be used only after other treatments have failed
-
Lobotomies and deep lesioning are examples of
psychosurgeries
-
Which of the following statements regarding the prefrontal lobotomy is False?
it is a reversible procedure
-
A psychoanalyst who believes in the theories of Freud would see psychopathology as caused by
deeply hidden unconscious conflicts
-
The purpose of free association and dream analysis is to
tap the unconscious
-
Saying whatever comes to mind, even if it seems senseless, painful, or embarrassing, is part of the Freudian technique known as
free association
-
When utilizing dream analysis, Freud would interpret symbols to uncover the ____ content of the dream.
latent
-
In psychoanalysis, resistance was thought by Freud to be important because it
revealed important unconscious conflicts.
-
In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the therapist that symbolically represents other important relationships in the patients life is an example of
transference
-
Today, psychoanalysis
- is characterized by all of these
- involves more direct questioning to reveal unconscious conflicts
- involves actively provoking emotional reactions that will lower defenses and provide insights
- is a much shorter therapy than it was originally
-
Humanistic therapies generally emphasize
making full use of one's potential
-
Which of the following would be described as a non-directive therapy based on insights gained from conscious thoughts and feelings and that emphasizes accepting one's true self?
client-centered therapy
-
Total and uncritical acceptance of a client's thoughts and feelings is called
unconditional positive regard
-
Behavior modification involves
the use of learning principles to change behavior
-
One thing that all behavior modification techniques have in common is that they
apply learning principles to specific target behaviors
-
Behavior modification refers to any use of ___ or ___ to directly alter human behavior.
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
-
In ____, a neutral stimulus is followed by an unconditional stimulus that consistently produces an unlearned reaction, called the unconditioned response. Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus begins to produce this response directly.
classical conditioning
-
The process of suppressing an undesirable habit, such as smoking or drinking, by association it with a painful or uncomfortable situation is known as
aversion therapy
-
Desensitization is primarily used to
alleviate phobias and anxieties
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