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Policy Making Process:
Demands Political Process Outputs
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Demands = Agenda Setting
Political Process = formulation,/ adoption
Outputs = implementation
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Distributive policy -
Re-distributive -
Distributive policy - society valued - large population of recipants
Re-distributive - Meduim selected group - poor & elderly, education ( Take from many - give to the few)
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Agenda Setting:
- Prioritzing or deciding what's going to be acted upon
- Function of who's got the momentum - Congress, President, bureauacy, public interest, time , event
Kingdom's 3 stream typology _ problem, political, solution
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Kingdom's typology:
Problem -
Political -
Problem - indicators (stats), focusing event, feedback
Political - changes in personnel, idea time has come, electoral change
Solution - right program=favorable decision
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Formulation
what should be done- how shall we fix this
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Adoption:
Selection of the program, highly political, includes budget,
(the tension between efficacy and detail eg: Feed the people of Cleveland"
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Implementation:
Actually doing the program, also called outputs
can preset new set of problems
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Feedback:
- Outputs= Are the program
- Outcomes = Are the results
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Triangle
Fed EX branch that had gives to Fed LEG -branch
funding both ways - intiatives - both ways- program =
program =Who recieves - the needy
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Gerry Mandering
Redistricting to favor one political party over another
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Redistricting:
Congressional districts to reflect changes in seats allocated to the states from population shifts every 10 years
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PAC - Political Action Committee
Tend favor incumbents , strict limitations - $5,000 per candidate
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527s, 501c4s, citizens united
independent groups that don't have to disclose thier donors
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Congress mostly white, male, educated, Article 1
House - 25 years old, live in state
Senate - 30 years old live in state
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Role of Congress -
Representational roles - trustee, delegate
role of balance of power - zero sum equation
- Trustee - make decisions based on experince
- Delegate - Vote with constituents, vote behalf of his/her voters
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Powers of Congress
Taxation, declare war, create courts, set weights/measurments, postal matters, coin money, issue patents
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Senate
6 year term, 100 members, foreign policy, advise and consent
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House of Respresentives
2 year term, 435 members (1911), initiate revenue bills
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House: leaders
- Speaker of House - under vice president
- Majority Leader
- Minority Leader
- Majority Whip
- Minority Whip
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Senate - leaders
- President Pro-Tempore
- Majority Leader
- Minority Leader
- Majority Whip
- Minortiy Whip
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Congress at Work - The committee System
- Standing Committees - big issues, current issues
- joint committees - senators and house
- conference committees -
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How a bill becomes a Law - House
introduced, committeee, sb-committee, committee, rules committee, full house
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How a bill becomes a Law - Senate
Pork = Money member bring back to congressional district
adding thier own stuff to benefit thier ward, just like Obama Heath Care - extra bills
- Introduced, committee, subcommittee, committtee, Full senate Hold= 1 member will not vote
- Fillbuster = 60 senators to move something forward, will stall bill, need 60 votes to stop fillbuster- unlimited time speaking
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Final stage of bill
confrence committee final version of house and senate - president signs or vetos - pocket vetos - if sits more than 10 days congress in session -law / out of session no law
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Executive Branch
Foreign affairs, confirmation of presidental appointments, impeachment process
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Impeachment process
- house - bring chrges majorty of vote,
- Senate - power try two-third vote to convict
- Judiciary - chief justice presides
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Reason why incubments lose
redistricting, scandals, midterm elections
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President
term 4 years, 35 yrs. old, natural born citizen
- Presidental Primaries -
- Open - no party membership required ballots are part y specific
Closed - party-only
Blanket - free for all - ballots have everyone on them
Hybrid - party only, but semi open (Ohio)
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Presidental Power on test
- Formal - Constitional
- Professional reputation- gov't work for him, sway public like Reagan
- Prestige- how well they do in front of people
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President Powers
Appointment, veto, commander of chief, pardon, make treaties, convene congress
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president constraints
constution, balance of power, elections - congress, global events,public opinion
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President war act 1973
30 days to respond to hot spot, 30 days for congress to debate, 30 days to withdraw troops
President has 90 days
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More powers of President
Signing papers legisaltion into law, executive orders - short term laws, czars - no constitional power
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Vice President
Presides over senate, stand in case of emergency or death of president.
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Nomination Process - began in back room, gave way party conventions, and now caucuses
caucuses - group stands in corner of room and peole stand by that person reprenting candiate
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Electoral College
- There is total of 538 electoral votes - 3 for ditrict of columbia
- and need 270 to win, 18 delegates represent for ohio
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EC 2
Nove 6 election, Dec 4 ec votes in washington, Jan 2 vice president declares winner
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Judiciary
US Supreme Court 9 justices, 13 US Courts of Appeals 3 judges, US district courts 94 1 judge
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Trail courts
Every state has one
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Marbury v Madison
Power of Executive Branch
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Judicial policuy making
declare laws unconstitional, over ruling previous
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Warren court
Shifting away from locken construct, brown v board of education
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Bugar
Roe v wade, pentagon apers, localization of obscentiy
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Rehnqusit
Bush v Gore florida
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Effective implementation: Judical decision
Is well written and easliy understood
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Criminal Law
- regulates indicidal conduct and is enforecd by gov't
- traditionally state concern
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Civil Law
Regulates conduct and relationship between individuals or companies, involves lawsuits filed by private parties to recover something of value
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Bureaucracy =
Part of Excuective Branch, a set of complex hierarchical departments, agengies, commissions, and their staffs that help president enforce federal laws.
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Cabinet Departments under president cabinet
- 60% of federal workforce
- subdivided into bureaus - sub-group of Dept. of Defense is FBI
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Private Sector type work =
Amtrak & Postal Service
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Independent Agencies =
- Similar to cabinet depts. but narrower area of responsibility, agency head appointed by and can be removed by president
- NASA & EPA
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Regulatory Agencies =
- Created to exist outside the cabinet and regualte specific econmic interest
- NLRB, FCC, SEC, OHSA - 3 branch characterstics.
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MAX WEBER's Model
- Chain of command
- division of labor
- specified authortiy
- impersonality
- productivity
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Development of Bureaucracy =
- 1789 STATE, WAR, & Treasury Dept's
- CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM = merit system
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Reasons why Incumbents Lose:
- Redistricting
- Scandals
- Coattails
- Mid-term elections
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