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Supportive and connective cells of the nervous system
Neuroglia
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The basic unit of the nervous system
neuron
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the central controlling structure essential to the cell's life
nucleus
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weblike membrane between the dura mater and the pia mater of the meninges
arachnoid membrane
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system concerned with the activities conducted automatically by certain peripheral nerves
autonomic nervous system
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a long, straight fiber originating from a cell body and ending in a brushlike tip; its purpose it to conduct impulses away from the cell body
axon
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part of the cell that contain the nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm
cell body
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brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
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second largest division of the brain; "little brain"
cerebellum
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outer surface of the cerebrum that is responsible for the generation of impulses
cerebral cortex
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largest part of the brain
cerebrum
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four sections of the spinal cord
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
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horn-like projection of the lateral ventricle reaching into the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes
cornu
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short fibers that branch out from a cell body
dendrites
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section of the btrain between the midbrain and cerebrum
diencephalon
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divisions of the spina nerve that enter the spinal cord at different points
dorsal and ventral roots
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outer membrane of meninges
dura mater
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part of the diencephalonthat contains the pineal body
epithalamus
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anterior lobe of the brain that controls voluntary muscles
frontal lobe
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cluster of nerve cells
ganglion
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folds of the cerebral cortex forming elevated ridges
gyri (convolutions)
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part of the diencephalon that contains centers for the control of body temperature, carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, and emotions that affect heartbeat, blood pressure, appetite, and sexual reflexes
hypothalamus
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neurons that shuttle messages back and forth through the neural pathways
interneurons
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cavity of the brain extending from the frontal portion of the cerebral hemisphere to the posterior lobe
lateral ventricle
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one part of the brainstem that regulates heart action, breathing, and circulation
medulla oblongata
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membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
meninges
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upper part of the brainstem
midbrain
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neurons that stimulate that contraction or relaxation of muscles and spur the activities of glands
motor (efferent) neurons
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white, fatty material that forms a sheath around most axons
myelin
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supporting and connecting cells of the nervous system
neuroglia cells
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physician who specializes in the study of the nervous system
neurologist
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surgeon who specializes in the surgical treatment of diseases of the nervous system
neurosurgeoun
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posterior lobe of the brain that governs vision
occipital lobe
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lobe of the brain that contains the sensory areas and determines distance, size, shape, taste, and the sensory aspects of speech
parietal lobe
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cranial and spinal nerves
peripheral nervous system
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inner membrane of meninges
pia mater
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interlocking network of nerves
plexus
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part of the brainstem located between the midbrain and medulla oblongata
pons
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part of the composition of spinal nerves of both the autonomic and voluntary nervous systems
sensory and motor fibers
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neurons that carry signals to the brain and spinal cord
sensory (afferent) neurons
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parietal lobe
somatic sensory area
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frontal lobe
somatic motor area
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depressions or grooves that separate gyri (convolutions)
sulci (fissures)
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junction between neurons
synapse
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lobe of the brain that contains the auditory center for hearing impulses and determines the sense of smell
temporal lobe
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part of the dicephalon where nerve fibers from the spinal cord and lower part of the brain synapse with neurons leading to the cerebrum
thalamus
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central portion of the cerebellum
vermis
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pertaining to the head
cephalic
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inflammation of the cerebellum
cerebellitis
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pertaining to the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal
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incision through the cranium
craniotomy
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the portion of the skull that encloses the brain
cranium
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plastic repair of the dura mater
duraplasty
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any disease of the brain
encephalopathy
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mass of nerve tissue composed principally of nerce bodies and lying outside the brain or spinal cord
ganglion
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pertaining to the meninges
meningeal
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inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
meningitis
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