Diseases Exam 2 - Descriptions

beta-hemolytic, streptokinase lyse fibrin clots,streptolysins enzymes cytotoxic to tissues, RBC and WBC, complication otitismedia, Tx penicillin

affects our ability to speak. This infection iscaused by bacteria

inflamed tonsils

• infected sinus with a heavy nasal discharge
• They have a mucous membrane lining that is continuous with that of the nasal cavity
• When a sinus becomes infected with an organism

• inflammation of the epiglottis
• The epiglottis is a flaplike structure of cartilage that prevents ingested material from entering the larynx

toxin causes pinkish red skin rash, high fever,strawberry like tongue appearance. self-limiting

frequent complication of common cold or upperrespiratory infection

viral, most prevalent disease in humans, 50 % rhinovirus, 20 % coronavirus; symptoms, nasal secretion,congestion, sneezing. rhinovirus likes temp slightly below normal body temp. single virus can cause infection; antibiotics useless (virus)

cell wallinundated with lipids, resistant to stresses; Tx. streptomycin,antimycobacterials; Dx tuberculin skin test, ( infected individuals respondwith cell mediated immunity, T cells)

usually named for portions of the lower resp.tract infected,

bronchi and alveoli, high fever, breathingdifficulty, chest pain, lungs have reddish appearance. lungs fill with fluid.rust colored sputum .

common among patients with alcoholism, poornutrition, cancer, diabetes;

can occur as complications of the flu, measles,chickenpox; hard to identify

fever, chills, muscle aches; flu is ever changing due to antigenic shifts ( see slide 42); Tx, vaccine

• type A viruses responsible for major pandemics
• type B more geographically limited and milder

dimorphic yeastlike fungus, invades andmultiplies in macrophages

normally found in healthy lungs; becomesopportunistic with immunocompromised individuals, primary indicator of AIDS

• Tx: Remove decay
• Prevention: Brushing, flossing, decrease sucrose intake

• Tx: Remove damaged area; antibiotics
• Prevention: Plaque removal

• Intoxication/infection: Intoxication (enterotoxin)
• Dx test: Phage typing
• Tx: none

• Symtpoms: Tissue damage and dysentery
• Intox/Infect: Infection (endotoxin)
• Dx: Isolation of bacteria
• Tx: Quinolones

• Symptoms: Nausea and diarrhea
• Intox/infect: Infection (endotoxin)
• Dx: Isolation of bacteria
• Tx: Oral rehydration

• Symptoms: Dysentery hemmorrhagic colitis, hemoltyic uremia
• Intox/Infect: Infection (endotoxin)
• Dx: isolation of bacteria
• Tx: cephalosporin

• Intox/Infect: Cholera toxin
• Dx: Isolation of bacteria
• Tx: Rehydration, doxycycline

• Intoxinfect: Infection
• Dx: Isolation
• Tx: Intravenous rehydration, monitor serum electrolytes

• Intox/infect: Infection
• Dx: Isolation
• Tx: Oral rehydration

• Intox/infect: Infection
• Dx: Urea breath test; culture
• Tx:Antibiotics

• intox/infect: Infection
• Dx: Isolation of bacteria
• Tx: Oral rehydration

• incubation period: 16-18 days
• Dx: Virus culture; symptoms
• Tx: Preventive vaccine

• incubation period: 1-3 days
• Dx: Enzyme immunoassay
• Tx: Oral rehydration

• incubation period: 2-6 weeks
• MOT: Ingestion
• Dx: IgM antibodies
• Tx:Inactivated virus, postexposure immunoglobulin

• Incubation: 4-26 weeks
• MOT: Parenteral, sexual intercourse
• Dx: IgM antibodies
• Tx: Genetically modified vaccine produced in yeast 

• Incubation: 2-22 weeks
• MOT: Parenteral
• Dx: Test for viral RNA
• Tx: none

• Reservoir/host: Mycotoxin produced by fungus on grain
• Dx test: Fungus on food
• Tx: None

• reservoir/host: Mycotoxin from food fungus
• Dx test: Immunoassay on food
• Tx: None

• reservoir/host: Water; animals
• Tx: Metronidazole

• reservoir/host: Cattle, water
• Tx:Oral rehydration 

• Reservoir/host: Humans
• Dx: Serology
• Tx: Metronidazole

• Reservoir/host: Cattle, pigs, fish
• Dx: Feces microscopy
• Tx: Praziquantel

• Reservoir/host: Humans]
• Dx: Microscopic exam
• Tx: Pyrantel

• Reservoir/host: Larvae enter skin from soil; humans
• Dx: Microscopic exam
• Tx: Mebendazole

inflammation of the bladder; difficult painfulurination

inflammation of one or both of the kidneys;severe back pain;

attach to epithelial mucosal cells; males-painful urination with pus; females- less obvious/ more insidious;complications include endocarditis, meningitis, eye, arthritis, opthalmianeonatorum/blindness; Tx fluorquinolone antibiotic

painful urination and water discharge; most commonSTD in US; symptoms, males- mild asymptomatic, epididymitis; female-inflammation of the uterine tubes, sterility

N. gonorrhoea, infection of uterine tubes mostserious; ectopic pregnancy

gram negative spirochete; several stagesbeginning with hard painless chancre on genitals leading to serious conditionsif left untreated;

decreases Lactobacillus population which canencourage microbial antagonism ; frothy vaginal discharge;

genital lesions initially, painful urination;frequent recurring infection triggered by illness, stress, menstruation; viruslies dormant in the sacral nerve

Papillomavirus; cervical cancer;

HIV; damage to immune system, attacks Tcells;

yeast infection

profuse greenish yellow foul odorous discharge from the genitals.