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streptococcal pharyngitis
beta-hemolytic, streptokinase lyse fibrin clots,streptolysins enzymes cytotoxic to tissues, RBC and WBC, complication otitismedia, Tx penicillin
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laryngitis
affects our ability to speak. This infection iscaused by bacteria
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tonsillitis
inflamed tonsils
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sinusitis
- infected sinus with a heavy nasal discharge
- They have a mucous membrane lining that is continuous with that of the nasal cavity
- When a sinus becomes infected with an organism
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epiglottitis
- inflammation of the epiglottis
- The epiglottis is a flaplike structure of cartilage that prevents ingested material from entering the larynx
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scarlet fever
toxin causes pinkish red skin rash, high fever,strawberry like tongue appearance. self-limiting
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otitis media
frequent complication of common cold or upperrespiratory infection
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common cold
viral, most prevalent disease in humans, 50 % rhinovirus, 20 % coronavirus; symptoms, nasal secretion,congestion, sneezing. rhinovirus likes temp slightly below normal body temp. single virus can cause infection; antibiotics useless (virus)
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tuberculosis
cell wallinundated with lipids, resistant to stresses; Tx. streptomycin,antimycobacterials; Dx tuberculin skin test, ( infected individuals respondwith cell mediated immunity, T cells)
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bacterial pneumonias
usually named for portions of the lower resp.tract infected,
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pneumococcal pneumonia
bronchi and alveoli, high fever, breathingdifficulty, chest pain, lungs have reddish appearance. lungs fill with fluid.rust colored sputum .
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haemophilus influenza pneumonia
common among patients with alcoholism, poornutrition, cancer, diabetes;
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viral pneumonia
can occur as complications of the flu, measles,chickenpox; hard to identify
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influenza
fever, chills, muscle aches; flu is ever changing due to antigenic shifts ( see slide 42); Tx, vaccine
- type A viruses responsible for major pandemics
- type B more geographically limited and milder
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histoplasmosis
dimorphic yeastlike fungus, invades andmultiplies in macrophages
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pneumocystis pneumonia
normally found in healthy lungs; becomesopportunistic with immunocompromised individuals, primary indicator of AIDS
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Symptoms: Discolored or hole in tooth emamal
- Tx: Remove decay
- Prevention: Brushing, flossing, decrease sucrose intake
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Discolored or hole in tooth emamalRemove decayBrushing, flossing, decrease sucrose intake
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Symptoms: Bleeding gums, pus in pockets
- Tx: Remove damaged area; antibiotics
- Prevention: Plaque removal
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Staphylococcal food poisoning
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Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Intoxication/infection: Intoxication (enterotoxin)
- Dx test: Phage typing
- Tx: none
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Shigellosis
- Symtpoms: Tissue damage and dysentery
- Intox/Infect: Infection (endotoxin)
- Dx: Isolation of bacteria
- Tx: Quinolones
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Salmonellosis
- Symptoms: Nausea and diarrhea
- Intox/infect: Infection (endotoxin)
- Dx: Isolation of bacteria
- Tx: Oral rehydration
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Typhoid Fever
- Symptoms: Dysentery hemmorrhagic colitis, hemoltyic uremia
- Intox/Infect: Infection (endotoxin)
- Dx: isolation of bacteria
- Tx: cephalosporin
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Symptoms:Diarrhea w/ deydration
- Intox/Infect: Cholera toxin
- Dx: Isolation of bacteria
- Tx: Rehydration, doxycycline
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symptoms: Dysentery hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremia
- Intoxinfect: Infection
- Dx: Isolation
- Tx: Intravenous rehydration, monitor serum electrolytes
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Symptoms: Watery diarrhea
- Intox/infect: Infection
- Dx: Isolation
- Tx: Oral rehydration
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Helicobacter peptic ulcer
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symptoms: Peptic ulcer
- Intox/infect: Infection
- Dx: Urea breath test; culture
- Tx:Antibiotics
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Clostridium perfingens Gastroenteritis
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symptoms: Diarrhea
- intox/infect: Infection
- Dx: Isolation of bacteria
- Tx: Oral rehydration
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symptoms: Painful swollen parotid gland
- incubation period: 16-18 days
- Dx: Virus culture; symptoms
- Tx: Preventive vaccine
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symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea for 1 week
- incubation period: 1-3 days
- Dx: Enzyme immunoassay
- Tx: Oral rehydration
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symptoms: Subclinical, fever, HA, malaise, jaundice
- incubation period: 2-6 weeks
- MOT: Ingestion
- Dx: IgM antibodies
- Tx:Inactivated virus, postexposure immunoglobulin
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Symptoms: Subclinical w/o HA, more likely to progess to severe liver damage
- Incubation: 4-26 weeks
- MOT: Parenteral, sexual intercourse
- Dx: IgM antibodies
- Tx: Genetically modified vaccine produced in yeast
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symptoms: Much like HBV, more likely to become chronic
- Incubation: 2-22 weeks
- MOT: Parenteral
- Dx: Test for viral RNA
- Tx: none
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symptoms: Restricted blood flow to limbs; hallucinations
- Reservoir/host: Mycotoxin produced by fungus on grain
- Dx test: Fungus on food
- Tx: None
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symptoms: Liver cirrhosis or cancer
- reservoir/host: Mycotoxin from food fungus
- Dx test: Immunoassay on food
- Tx: None
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symptoms: Malabsorption,diarrhea
- reservoir/host: Water; animals
- Tx: Metronidazole
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symptoms: Self limiting diarrhea, can be life threatening to immunosuppressed patients
- reservoir/host: Cattle, water
- Tx:Oral rehydration
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symptoms: Intestinal abcess, high mortality
- Reservoir/host: Humans
- Dx: Serology
- Tx: Metronidazole
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symptoms: Worms live on undigested intestinal contents
- Reservoir/host: Cattle, pigs, fish
- Dx: Feces microscopy
- Tx: Praziquantel
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symptoms: Anal itching
- Reservoir/host: Humans]
- Dx: Microscopic exam
- Tx: Pyrantel
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symptoms: Large infections may result in anemia
- Reservoir/host: Larvae enter skin from soil; humans
- Dx: Microscopic exam
- Tx: Mebendazole
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cystitis
inflammation of the bladder; difficult painfulurination
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pyelonephritis
inflammation of one or both of the kidneys;severe back pain;
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gonorrhea
attach to epithelial mucosal cells; males-painful urination with pus; females- less obvious/ more insidious;complications include endocarditis, meningitis, eye, arthritis, opthalmianeonatorum/blindness; Tx fluorquinolone antibiotic
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nongonococcal urethritis
painful urination and water discharge; most commonSTD in US; symptoms, males- mild asymptomatic, epididymitis; female-inflammation of the uterine tubes, sterility
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pelvic inflammatory disease
N. gonorrhoea, infection of uterine tubes mostserious; ectopic pregnancy
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syphilis
gram negative spirochete; several stagesbeginning with hard painless chancre on genitals leading to serious conditionsif left untreated;
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bacterial vaginosis
decreases Lactobacillus population which canencourage microbial antagonism ; frothy vaginal discharge;
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genital herpes
genital lesions initially, painful urination;frequent recurring infection triggered by illness, stress, menstruation; viruslies dormant in the sacral nerve
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genital warts
Papillomavirus; cervical cancer;
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AIDS
HIV; damage to immune system, attacks Tcells;
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Candidiasis
yeast infection
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trichomoniasis
profuse greenish yellow foul odorous discharge from the genitals.
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