Echo

A left ventricular pacing wire is placed in the coronary sinus in conjuntion with right ventricular pacing wire, this is called?

When obtaining pulmonayr view flow for the detection of diastolic dysfunction, this pulmonary vein should be used to obtain Doppler information?

A VSD is also referred to as A?

Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as an isolated lesion and is usually associated with?

M-mode finding in a patient with IHSS might include all of the following except:
A) mid sys closure of the aortic valve
B) Mitral valve prolaspe
C) sys anterior motion of the mitral valve
D) Asymmetric septal hypertrophy

In pt. with large pericardial effusions, which of the following can be a false positive dx on m-mode?

Mitral valve prolaspe is best seen in which echo view?

In laminar flow, mean velocity is?

A shared problem is pts with constrictive pericarditis and those with cardiac tamponade is

The communication between the aorta & pulmonary artery that may presist after birth is called?

The most common tumor mass to cause mitral valve obstruction is?

Inhalation of Amyl Nitrite causes decrease in Preload or After load?

Premature opening of the pulmonary valve may be seen in?

The most common cardiac valvular tumor is?

An underestimation of the severity of aortic stenosis by continous wave doppler may occur with?

The most common location for a true aneurysm to occur is in the ?

Gradual closure of the aortic valve suggesting decrease in cardiac output is often associated with which CMP?

Which of the following is not a possible M-mode finding in a pt with constrictive pericaditis?
A) Paradoxial septal motion
B) Pericardial thicking
C) Flattening of the mid diastolic post wall motion
D) Enlarged LV

Tricuspid Atresia blood flow will shunt from R-L atrial through a ?

Small fibrous nodules located at the center of each aortic cusp is called?

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is seen which what type of ASD?

Atrial myxomas are usually attached to the ?

An Anomalie that is most likely associated with a Sinus Venous ASD?

Adult chest wall echo problem generally operate in what frequency range?

Pulmonic stenosis is often associated with ?

What causes mitral valve pre-systolic closure?

Where on the EKG that correlates with venticular depoloration.

What causes MV preclosure?

Pulsus paredoxus?

A cardiac mass involving the superior and inferior portions of interaatrial septum is most likely?

Echo appearnace of Restrictive CMP?

Cardiac tamponade is rapid filling of fluid causing?

The remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus is called?

Coarctation of the aortic most often occur at the :

The best 2D view for eval a patient with suspected PDA is?

Which of the following is the most common etiology for a pt to develop a restrictive CMP?
A) endomyocardial fibrosis
B) sarcoidosis
C) Amyloidosis
D) hemochromatosis

If the IVE is dialted and doesnt collapse with the pt sniffs the RApressure is ext to be?

Which of the following is most often associated with Primum ASD's?

Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as a isolated lesion and is usually associated with?

Pt. with IHSS and high rest flow gradient may be offered all of the following treatments except:
a) medical therpy
b) sub nitro
c) alcholo septal ablation
d) septal myectomy

Which of the following is true regarding the mitral doppler spectral trace in a pt with Restrictive/ Infiltrive CMP?
a) Shows E/A reversal
b) resemebles cadiac tamponade
c) diastolic functions is normal
d) resemble contricitive percaridtis

Pt. with IHSS and a high resting outflow gradient maybe offered which of the following?
a) liptor medical tx
b) contrast septal ablastion
c) sub nitrl
d) Surgical septal myectomy

In aortic stenosis the pulse pressure is ?

What valve directs blood from the inferior vena cava to the foramen ovale during fetal circulation?

Which of the following occurs first in the setting of severe mitral regurgitation due to a flail leaflet?

What is a common symptom of a patient with endocarditis?

A loculated pericardial effusion is rare except for pt with?

The sac that surrounds the heart is the?

While performing an echo on a premature baby what 2 findings are to be expected?

Which echocardiographic techinque is bet for the detection of MR?

Longstanding mitral stenosis leads to?

The QRS of the Echo reflects which of the following
a) Atrial depolazation
b) Atrial repo.
c) Vent deop
d) Vent repo

Afib is most commonly associated with which valvular dz?

The most common type of ASD is?

Kawasaki Diasease may lead to ?

A young pt is sent to the echo lab with a dx of kawaski dz, what would you look for?

The most common location for a Pseudoaneruyms Is?

For patients with AS and Atrial fib , peak sys aortic velocity will be?

Pt with Downs Syndrom is most likely to have a common lesion?

In pt with tricuspid atresisa blood flow will shunt form the R-L atrium through a ?

What is used in Echo to measure dP/dt?

The mitral valve doppler inflow shows a normal e/a wave. The Tissue doppler shows e/a reveral. The most accurate dx would be?

A Pisa calculation can not be preformed to determine the severity of the MR when this is present?
a) Tricuspid stenosis
b) Decreased cardiac output
c) LA enlargement
d) Mult jets

With a hypertrophic CMP you would see?
a) Left atrial volume overload
b) LA pressure overload
c) LV pressuer overload
d) LV volume overload

Which type of MV abnormally often occurs when the heart  muscle has been damaged by MI?
a) underdeveloped MV
b) Cleft MV
c) mitral regurg
d) Mitral stenosis

A finding of holodiastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta maybe a false positive of severe aortic regurgitation if the patient has?

What technique is used to reduce sidelobes ?

The most common area for a sinus of valsuva aneurysm is?

Left atrial thrombus is often seen in pt with?

Pt. with Ebsteins anomaly often have an associated congential abnormally?

What is a know compliction of bioprosthetic heart valve?

The normal mean left atrial pressure is comparable to?

The velocity time integral measurment calculates?

In normal development what is the last to close?

The congenital cardiac anomaly seen most freguently in adults is?

The doppler jet of MS obtained at the apex is somtimes confused with?

An advantage of CW doppler to PW is?

Know inlet location?

Which window is best for eval the ball excursion of a starr edwards MV using M-mode tech?

An ex of a Bioprosthetic cardial valve?

M-mode echo demonstration of mid-systolic closure of the pulmonary valve along with a decreased "a" wave is most consistent with?

The right vent can be measured from the m-mode of the LV during this part of the cardial cycle?

Pt. with a higher than normal heart rate may cause the doppler signal of the LV inflow to:

Which two dimensional echo view is best for the assessment of the interatrial septum?

What is the number and location of the papilllary muscles of a normal mitral valve?

A pt with LA myxoma may have symptoms similar to those pt having

Myocardial blood flow is most predominate during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

In constictive pericardities does the E wave increase or decrease with inspiration?

In normal pt why does the peak velocity of flow in the pulmonary artery occur later than the peak velocity in the Aorta?

Tricuspid valve closure normally occurs?

Which m-mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of a fensestrated aortic valve?

What 2D views are best for imaging of a discete subaortic membrane?

In pt with IHSS , they will display

Which term is used to describe a segment of ventricular wall that exhibits no motion?

Which echo window is used in the detection assessment of the IVC?

In order to record the vegetation of endocarditis by echo, the vegetation must have a diameter of at least?

A true aneusysm of the LV can usually be distinguised from a pseudoaneurysm because?

Which type of CMP is associated with amyloidosis?

Carcinoid heart dz, the cardiac songrapher must devote special attention to identifiying abnormal finding of the?

Mitral regurg results in Preload or afterload

In AS the LV sys pressure exceeds that of the aorta

Myocardial blood flow in the normal heart returns to the RA vis the?

The coronary arteries mainly fill during?

What congential abnormality best describes the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle refers to:

A pt. presents to the ER with a MI and new systolic murmur . The most common reason for the murmur is?

A mitral vavle "e" velocity of greater than ___ ma indicte severe MR

What is considered a increase risk factor for ischemic hearat dz?

In Marfan Syndrom  why does aortic dissection and MVP occur?

Premature closure of the aortic valve on m-mode is most consistent with?

MR in patients with Rheumatic mitral stenosis is most likely due to ?

Which cardiac chamber is most likely to be involved with metatatic tumor?

When Starr-Edward prosthetic valves are located in both the mitral and aortic postions, mitral regurgitation is best detected from which window?

The heart reponds to increased in preload by increase in ?

What is the primary effect of long standing aortic regurgitation?

Dp/dt measurement of MR assess what?

Coarctation of the aorta is associated with?

The majority of organisms attach to the _____ side of the antrioventricualar valve?

The pressure 1/2 time of the MV can be inaccurate when which of the following anbormalites are present?
A) AS
B) TS
C) TR
D) Aortic insuff

Rheumatic mitral stenosis with an ASD best describes?

In differentiating MR and LVOT doppler tracing th following should be considered?

The tricuspid regurg murmur may increase with inspiration . This known is?

Fine fluttering of the AMVL suggest?

A MI that extends through all the layers of the heart is known as?

What % of patients with Marfan's syndrom have MVP?

A CW 1/2 time (aortic) of 175 sec . This indicates what degree of aortic regurg

The most common typer of VSD?

A shunt from a PDA will be noted from the ?

High risk patient for infiltrive endocarditis include those with?

A left ventricular thrombus is usally in a area of ?

What is the best echo techinque for revealing hibernating or stunnd myocardium?

Mitral stenosis murmur?

The atrial septal defect that affects the upper portion of the interatrial septum is?

Isovolumetric timing with ECG

When measuring 2D measurements end diastolic is defined as?

What CMP is caused by genetics?

The valve located at the ostium of the IVE is?

A VSD defect is noted on the apical 4chamber view near the  apex. This typer of defect is referred to as an?

The left main coronary artery divides into the ?

A common ele abnormality seen in pt with a dilated CMP?

The tricuspid regurgitation murmur may increase with inspiration. This is know?

Which valve opens during ventricular systole?

Name 4 m-mode finding asso with Mitral Stenosis

Pt with severe pulmonic stenosis may have an "A" wave measurment on the pulmonic valve m-mode tracing greater than ?

By echo a medium size pericardial effusion is?