Micro Test 3: Blood & Tissue Protozoa

Name 4 Blood and Tissue Protozoan Parasites

What is the causative agent of malaria?  How is it transmitted?

Name 4 species of Plamodium that are malarial parsites

Malignant tertian, capable of high density parasitemia progressing rapidly to massive hemolysis

Benign tertian, predominant species of Malarial parasite

Most benign form of malarial parasite

Uncommon form of malarial parasite except in West Africa and isolated areas of South America and Asia

Plasmodium Erythrocyte Cycle:  Merozoites from liver or RBCS infect new RBCs by transforming to uninucleat trophozoites

Plasmodium Erythrocyte Cycle:  Merozoites from liver or RBCS infect new RBCs by becoming multinucleated schizont or differentiating into gametocytes

Forms a banana-shaped gametocyte

Malaria pathogenesis is related to the _____ cycle

Lysis of infected RBCs is prominent in

Which disease causes RBC Cytoadherence:  Infected rBC membranes altered, cells coalesce to form thrombi, stick to capillary endothelium, produce local tissue anoxia.

Which malarial pigment from hemoglobin breakdown is phagocytized in the liver and spleen?  It causes organs to enlarge, kidneys to become plugged, brain capillaries to become congested and the brain to become edematous.

What two forms of malaria can cause spleen rupture?

Vivax and Quartan malaria cause

Incubation period of malaria?
What can make incubation period shorter?
What can delay onset?

4 Symptoms ALL species of malaria cause

Malarial Paroxysm:  Chills - Fever- Sweat
P. vivax, ovale = ___ day cycle
P. malariae- ___ day cycle

Infection with what form of malaria represents a medical emergency?

Parasites in the peripheral blood not completely eradicated, possible with which species?

Relapsing infection:  Involves ______ in liver parenchyma cells that re-infect RBC months/years later.  Which two forms of Plasmodium have this commonly?

P. vivax and P. ovale relapsing infection involves hypnozoites in ______________ that re-infect RBC months to years later.

Most common complication of malaria

Capillary blockage in brain
Progressively severe heacheache w/o early fever
Sudden high fever (108 F)
Convulsions or delirium
Mistaken for acute alcoholism
Rapid collapse (coma) due to anoxia, cerebral edema, increased spinal fluid pressure

Acute intravascular hemolysis
Hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia, and renal insufficiency

Most frequent in which form of plasmodium?

Severe P. falciparum or repeated P. malariae infection can cause

3 symptoms

Which two plasmodia can cause renal disease?

Speciation is important in diagnosis or malaria because

Malaria Tx:

How to treat Chloroquine resistant Pf and Pv

Malaria chemoprophylaxis

Causative agent of Babesiosis

Transmission of Babesiosis

Most Babesiosi US cases are from

Pleomorphic, ring-like structures in RBCs
Resemble early trophozoite form of P. falciparum (but RBCs are not enlarged or pale)

Babesia tx

Splenectomized person exposed to ticks has high risk of developing.

Hemoflagellates are in the order ____ and the family ____

A single DNA containing mitochondrial organelle where the flagellum originates

Two parasitic genera in the Trypanosomatidae

Causative agent of Chagas' Disease

Causative agent of East African sleeping sickness

Causative agent of W. African sleeping sickness

3 species in Trypanosoma genera and what they cause

3 species in Leishmania genera

Causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis

L. tropica/major/mexicana causes

L. braziliensis causes

How is Chagas disease transmitted?

What is unique about the Trypmastigotes of T. cruzi in the peripheral blood?

What form of T. cruzi does NOT divide in the peripheral blood?

A local histiocytoma with fibrous border that blocks lymphatics and causes edema (frequently on face) after infection with T. cruzi

Two disease phases of Chagas

Which form of T. cruzi in Chagas lacks flagella, but has a nucleus?

Only form of T. cruzi present in chronic Chagas

Causes heart problems, CNS problems, thyroid problems, megacolon, and megaesophagus (dysphagia and constipation)

Pt. presents with travel, lymphadenopathy and myocarditis

Pt. presents with travel, cardiomegaly, conduction defects, and dysphagia

Definitive diagnosis of Acute (febrile) phase of Chagas

T. cruzi tx?

Tramission of Leishmaniasis

Leismania amastigoes- mammalian intracellular stage:
1)  _______ phagocytized by macrophages of the _____
2)  Transform to intracellular amastigotes (note ___ & ___)
3)  Proliferate in __________
4)  Other cells can be invaded
5)  May spread and can remain latent for years

Characterized by dermal infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages filled with Leishmania

Cutaneous leishmaniasis tx?

Can you be reinfected with Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Forest Zoonosis Espundia

Tissue destruction and deformity, tissue loss in nasal mucosa, hard and soft palate and nasal septum.  Caused by secondary metastasis to mucous membranes.

Prolonged intermittent fever? 
Associated with abdominal swelling, it's characteristic of?

Fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

Which form of Leishmania is an opportunistic infection of AIDS pts?

What is used for prophylactic tx of Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV pts?

Transmission of Sleeping Sickness

Rapidly fatal Sleeping Sickness w/ early CNS involvement, high parasitemia and minimal lymph node infection

Chronic disease ends fatally after months/yrs
with low blood parasitemia, prominent lymphadenopathy, and late CNS involvement

3 Stages of clincial trypanosomiasis

Winterbottom's Sign?
Characteristic of?

Trypanosomal chancre is more common in

Delayed hyperesthesia on palms or over ulnar nerve?
Seen in?

Sleeping Sickness Tx?