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The structure that acts as a partial barrier between the epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue is:
Basement Membrane
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Goblet Cell
Unicellular Exocrine Gland
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The substance responsible for the waterproof quality of the skin and that helps prevent desiccation is
Keratin
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Smooth muscle is described as
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Healing in which the edges of the wound are held in close apposition without the formation of granulation tissue or significant scarring is called:
First Intention
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What are the 4 primary types of tissue?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
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Functions of Epithelial Cells:
- 1. Protects, covers, and lines
- 2. Filters biochemical substances
- 3. Absorbs nutrients
- 4. Provides sensory input
- 5. Manufactures Secretions
- 6. Manufactures Excretions
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4 General Characteristics of Epithelia:
- 1. Polar (have a sense of direction relative to surrounding structures)
- 2. Connected by junctional complexes
- 3. Lack blood cells or capillaries (avascular)
- 4. Most are INNERVATED and provide valuble sensory input
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3 Types of Cellular Junctions:
1. Tight Junction (formed by fusion of the outermost layers, found in tissue that can have no leaks, ex: bladder)
2. Desmosome (formed by filaments that interlock with each other, found in tissues that undergo repeated episodes of tension/stretching, ex: skin, uterus, or heart)
3. Gab Junction (linked by tubular proteins, allows passage of ions and nutrients, ex: intestinal epithilial cells, smooth muscle tissue)
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Endocrine Gland
do not have ducts or tubules and its secretions are distributed throughout the body
ex: pituitary gland (brain) and adrenal gland (kidney)
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Exocrine Gland
have ducts and discharge secretions through them directly into nearby ducts
ex: sweat and salivary glands
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Merocrine
glands package their secretions and release them via exocytosis as they are manufactured
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Apocrine
glands store their secretions and then release the top part of the cell into the duct system
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Holocrine
gland store their secretions and then release the entire contents of the cell
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What is the difference between serous and mucous secretions?
Serous: watery and contain a high concentration of enzymes
Mucous: think and composed of glycoproteins
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What are 3 major components of connective tissue?
- 1. Ground Substances
- 2. Fibers
- 3. Cells
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Fibroblast
fixed cell involved in the development of connective tissue
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Collagenous Fiber
- "white fiber"
- -strong think strands of collogen
- -found in tendons and ligaments
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Reticular Fibers
- -thin, delecate branched networks of collegen
- -provide support for highly cellular organs
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Elastic Fibers
- "yellow fibers"
- -branched networks composed primarily of the protein elastin
- -occurs in tissues commonly subjected to stretching (vocal cords, lungs, skin)
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Connective tissue is divided into what 2 main catagories?
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Name and describe LOOSE connective tissues:
1. Ariolar- surrounds every organ, forms the sq layer, present in mm
2. Adipose-highly vascular, acts as an energy storehouse/thermal insulator
3. Reticular-forms the stroma(framework of several organs)
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Name and descrive the DENSE connective tissues:
1. Dense Regular- white appearence, reletively avascular, can be found in FASCIA sheets that cover muscles
2. Dense Irregular- composed of collegen fibers arranged in thinck bundles, found in dermis of skin, forms the touch capsule of joints
3. Elastic- primarily composed of elastic fibers, found in spaces bt vertebrae and in areas of the body that require stretching
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Describe the 3 types of Cartilage and where they might be found:
1. Hyaline Cartilage- found in joints and at the end of long bones
2. Elastic Cartilage- found in epiglottis of the larnx and in the pinae of ears of animals
3. Fibrocartilage- found in spaces bt vertebrae of the spine, between bones in the pelvic girdle and in the knee joint
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Membranes are composed of what 2 tissue types?
Epithelial and Connective Tissues
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Name the 4 types of membranes foudn in the body and give an example of each.
- 1. Mucous, ex: submucosa
- 2. Serous, ex: peritonia
- 3. Curaneous, ex: "skin"
- 4. Synovial, ex: synovial fluid fills the joint spaces
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What is effusion?
excess fluid that has escaped into a body cavity to the detriment of normal body function
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What is ascites?
accumulation of fluid in the abdomin
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Name the 3 types of muscles and define each of them:
- 1. Skeletal- straited and voluntary
- 2. Smooth- nonstraited and involuntary
- 3. Caridac- straited and involuntary
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Name the 2 types of cells that make up neural tissue?
- 1. Neurons
- 2. Supporting Neuroglial cells
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The body's initial response to injury is:
imflammation
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What is granulation tissue?
tissue that forms beneath the overlying blood clot or scab
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What is proud flesh?
when granulation tissue becomes too think and stands out over the epithelial layer
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Descrive 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Intention wound healing:
1st Intention: edges of wound held in close apposition, no significant granulation tissue or scaring
2nd Intention: edges of wound separated from each other, granulation tissue forms to close gap, scaring occurs
3rd Intention: contaminated wound left open until contamidation is removed, clean out THEN pull skin together
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