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The note that establishes a key, based on its distinctive relationship with a particular set of harmonies or other notes in the underlying scale. Also, the chord based on the first scale degree
Tonic
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An underlying pattern of rhythm in which each unit (measure) consists of one accented (strong) beat followed by two unaccented (weak) beats (1-2-3 , 1-2-3, 1-2-3, etc.)
Triple Meter
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Italian for "all": the full ensemble (as opposed to a soloist)
Thtti
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A common model for blues songs, in which each verse consists of three lines of text over twelve measures of music. Each line receives four measures in a predetermined harmonic pattern using chords built on the first, fourth, and fifth scale degrees
Twelve-Bar Blues
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A type of serial composition in which twentieth century composers manipulated a series ("row") consisting of all twelve notes of the chromatic scale, not repeating any one of these notes until all other eleven had been sounded, thereby effectively avoiding any sense of tonality
Twelve-Tone Composition
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To repeat a basic section of the music in order to fill time or provide a basis for improvisation
Vamp
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One of the simplest models in popular music. The chorus contains the main idea of the song, usually incorporating the title as well. When the chorus returns, it keeps the same text and music. Verses advance the plot, using the same music each time but different texts. Verse-chorus form can use any combination of verses and choruses, although the last unit will always be a chorus
Verse-Chorus Form
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Meaningless sung syllables that take the place of song lyrics
Vocables
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A scale with only whole steps, no half steps; this eliminates any sense of a tonal center
Whole-Tone Scale
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Music that imitates, describes, or conjures images of the text being sung
Word Painting
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