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what does sterilization get rid of
bacteria, molds/yeasts, viruses, protozoans
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who found connection between childbed fever and washing hands after autopsy
ignaz semmelweis
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what was the first to wash dressings with carbolic acid
joseph lister
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what are the times and temps for boiling water, and what is still viable
- 10 min at 100 degrees C
- endospores and endotoxins
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what is pasteurization used to destroy
salmonella, brucella, mycobacteria
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What is HTST
high temp short time
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what is HTST for pasteurization
15 sec at 72 degrees c
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what is ultra high for pasteurization
several seconds at 140 degrees C then cool quickly
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autoclave pressure, time, and temp?
15 pounds per square inch above atmosphere pressure, temp 121 C, time 15-20 mins
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steps for autoclave?
- 1. cold air is removed
- 2. steam enters
- 3. condensation at 100 C
- 4. add more steam to increase pressure by 15 pounds per inch squared
- 5. temp 121 C for 15-20 mins
- 6. remove steam, replace w/ cool air
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Quality control?
place test container in autoclave, after autoclaving crush ampule w/in container, place in incubator at 60 C for 24 hrs, look for purple/blue colors, bacillus stearothermophilus
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dry heat?
oven: 160-170 C for 2-3 hrs
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what is dry heat used for?
glassware, metal instruments, powers, oils
flame for loops, needles and lips of tubes
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Filtration?
.2 um pore size used to trap bacteria, .01 um pore size used to trap viruses, vacuum used to speed up process
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HEPA filtration?
high efficiency particulate air filters, removes M.O.'s greater than .3 um from air, used in hospital rooms and laminar flow hoods in laboratories
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Thymine Dimers?
When light hits it, the T's fuse together and create kink in DNA strand.
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actions of chemical agents?
alter cell wall, altar plasma membrane, damage to proteins and nucleic acids
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