biot3ch38

• gran negative
• spread by air from an environmental reservior (a/c shower stalls) to human host
• bacterium reproduction causes localized tissue destruction
• fever, cough headace, neualgia
• treat with antibiotics

• transmitted from person to person+animals
• lung macrophages phagocytose often die trying to kill bacteria
• composed of bacteria macrophages, t cells and human proteins

• caseous lesion -cheese like consistency
• Ghon complexes - calcified caseous lesion
• tuberculous cavities - tubercle that has liquefied and formed an air filled cavity from chiwhc bacteria can spread

• develop cell-mediated immunity
• incubatoin period 4-12 weeks
• fever fatigue, weight loss, cough (sometimes bloody)

• acid fast positive bacteria, chest x-ray
• antimicrobial therapy 
• prevention and control

gram positive bacteria that are transmitted though respiratory droplets 

• antibiotics
• vaccines for pneumonia
• prevention

diffuse, spreading infection of subcutaneous tissueredness and swelling

• superficial cutaneous infection commonly seen in children
• crusty lesions nad vesicles surrounded by a red border

• acute infection of dermal layer of skin
• red patches that may occur periodically at same site for years

• caused by virulent strains of S. pyogenes
• carry genes for exotoxins and tissue detorying protease

• flesh eating disease
• destroyes the sheath cover of skeletal muscle
• galloping gangrene
• invasive strep

severe drop of blood pressure, failure of multiple organisms and high fever

• bright's disease
• rheumatic fever

• inflammatory kidney disease
• swelling, fever, high blood pressure
• could heal or be chronic
• diagnosis is based on clinical history
• treament with antibiotics

• autoimmune disease involving heart valves and central nervous system
• difficult to diagnose
• treatment consists of therapy to decrease inflammation and salicylates (asprin)

• infectin in through or tonsils
• symptoms not diagnostic
• redness, edema (swelling), enlarged lymph nodes in throat

• opportunistic 
• produces polysacchardie capsule and a toxin
• alveolar spaces multiplies
• only occurs in people with a predisposing conditoin

• transmitted from animal and ticks
• Borrelia burgdorferi

• localized stage - skin lesions
• disseminated stage - months later, neurological abnormalities, arthritis
• late stage - demyellnation of neurons and Alzheimer's like symptoms

• isolate bacterium and do PCR, serological tests
• antibiotics in the early stages

• gram negative spread by contact with flea infested animals
• airborne transmission by people
• subcutaneous hemorrhages, fever, and buboes
• treatment; antibiotics

• most involve skin or underlying tissues
• can become disseminated

• clostridium perfringens
• gram postive spore forming rod
• produces gas gangrene a necrotizing infection of skeletal muscle and secretes toxins and tissue damaging enzymes
• symptoms are pain and swelling, drainage, and muscle necrosis
• diagnosed by recovering the pathogenic clostridia
• treat with antitoxin and antibiotics, may have to amputate limbs

• colonizes gastric mucus secreting cells
• produce urease which increases pH
• damages stomach lining
• treating with antibiotics and pH drugs

• gram positive cocci
• normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract, skin, intestines, and vagina
• s. aureus pathogenic
• s. epidermidis less pathogenic

viscous extracellular glycoconjugate allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms

staphylococcal lesion when pathogen goes in hair follicle and make s a boil, inflammation and fluid

• cause by s. aureus straings that release TSS toxin
• superimmune response
• low blood pressure diarrhea, skin rash

• cause s aureus straings with a plasmid borne gene for exfoliative toxin
• skin peels revealing red underneath
• diagnose by ID'ing staph

• gram - neisseria gonorrhoeae
• disease of mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract
• ureal disharge of yellow creamy pus and in women can spread to uterus
• diagnose by culturing bacteria and oxidase test
• treat with antibiotics

• caused by motile spriochete treponema pollidum
• diagnose clinical therapy and serology
• treat with antimbiotics early and education for prevention

• primary - chancre at the infection site
• secondary - highly variable skin rash followed by latency
• tertiary - formation of gumas in skin bone and nervous system

• anaerobic gram positive spore former
• found in soild, dust, hospitols, mammalian feces
• produces tetanospasmin which casues the muscle spasm
• treated with antibiotic and active immunizatino with toxoid

inflammation of stomach and intestinal lining

disrupt functioning of intenstinal mucosa causing nausea, vomiting, and/or dierreha

• caused by an obligately anearobic endosporeforming gram +
• insufficiently heated canned food

neurotoxin that binds to synapses of motor neurons

• check waste for toxin
• therapy and antitoxin along with safe food practices and no honey for babies

• gram negative
• acqured from food contaminated by fecal matter
• shellfish
• makes you shit your brains out to dehydration
• antibiotics and oral hydration therapy

• gram negative non spore
• transmitted to humans by contaminaed food
• product enterotoxin and cytotoxin
• abdominal pain cramps diarrhea nausea fever
• isolate organism and treate with fluids

• produces effacing lesions leading to hemorrhagic colitis
• cause kidney failure

systemic response to a microbial infection

sepsis associated with severe hypotension, caused by endotoxin 

disease that humans get from animals

• infection through a cut or abrasion of skin
• antibiotic therapy

• woolsorter's disease
• inhalation of endospores
• resembles influenza
• fatal if bacteria gets in blood stream

• acid production leads to the release of calcium and phosphate from enamel followed by remineralization
• too much demineralization and you get caries

diverse group of diseases that affect periodontium

• initial inflamatory response to plaque bacteria and tissue destruction
• leads to swelling of tissue and formation of periodontal pockets

bone destruction caused by colonization of periodontal pockets

inflammation of gingiva caused by colonization of periodontal pockets