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Gorbachev was born to what family
peasant stock family of farmers in the caucasus region
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Where did he learn his degree? In what did he earn his degree?
From Moscow University he earned his Law degree
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Gorbachev was the youngest member to join the Politburo and the first leader to be born under what
The first Soviet Leader to be born under the Communist Party
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Why was Gorbachev poised to introduce sweeping new reforms to salvage socialism
He wasn't around to witness the destruction of the imperial order
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What was Perestroika
Restructuring, to restructure economic and political systems to improve efficiency and effectiveness
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The first case for restructuring the economic system was...
Law on State Enterprise: limiting power of Gosplan to control state planning, allowing decentralized mech, such as supply and demand
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What was the second case for restructuring the economy
Law on Cooperatives: allowing private ownership in sectors of the economy such as light manufacturing, consumer service and foreign trade
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What was the third case for restructuring the economy
Allowing direct foreign investment in and ownership of business and property in the Soviet Union for the first time
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What impact did Perestroika have politically
Decentralized decision making pwoer of the General Secretary and Politburo to federal ministries to suit regions
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What was Glasnot
Openess, Gorbachev believed communist attempt to control media had become insular, secretive and detached from population. Glasnot allowed people to openly criticize
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What did Gorbachev hope he would see from Glasnot
It would show corruption, leading to reduction
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What was Demokratizatsiya
Hoped (re)introduction of democratic features would make a degree of political competition and result in meaningful change. Allowing multi-candidate elections at the local, regional, and national levels
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What was the most important, unintended reslut of Gorbachev's reforms
Erosion of authority of the Communist Party
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Based off Article Six proofing the Communist Parties power, Gorbachev's reforms in hindsight can be viewed as
Unconstitutional
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What was the outcome of Pestroika
Weakening of the Gosplan hurt the state monopoly. Reduced produciton rates lead to an inability to get tax revenue and the value of the ruble began to fluctuate
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What was the effect of Glasnot
Guidelines of what was ok under glanot lead to some taking extreme advantage as cases for independence popped up.
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What was the result of Demokratizatsiya
Could be controlled most by the party is allowed multiple candidates in teh party increasing the demand for multi party elections
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Gorbachev saw the withdraw of Soviet forces form what war
War with Afghanistan
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Gorbachev declared which doctrine to no longer be in effect
The Brezhnev Doctrine
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What was teh Sinatra Doctrine
Coined after the line "I did it my way" allows ECE communist states to find reform however they pleased
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