Radiology Test #4

a degree of excellence

Three things quality includes

Performs the monitoring and testing of equipment and control of variables in a clinical setting

Order of the administrative pyramid from bottom to top

hospitals' organizationals charts illustrating the errors through the production of a radiograph

psychological aspects of the patient are evaluated when?

How to treat patients

Treat old

Treat young

Treat ill

Treat dying

Three ways for administrative evaluation

Four good physical conditions for the patient

most complex and complicating factor in the pyramid

number one problem in most departments

used to expose films precisely so each film will have the same density, processor chemicals, temperature, etc

measures amount of light transmitted through the radiograph

develop latent images into visible images automatically

remove unexposed silver bromide crystals from film and hardems film to preserve image

Five things QA techs check

Radiographers control three factors in producing a radiograph

learning the equipemtn and procedures in a department

major cause of excessive exposure of patients to radiation

photo limiting and terminates exposture when centered over the part

adjustment of voltage, amperage, distance, time

provides opportunity for techs to stay abreast of advancements

continuing education is required by two groups

How many CE credits required?

most important part of quality control

only person who may legally make a diagnosis from a radiograph

expert in production of radiographic image

determined by radiologists to say if an image in too light or too dark

acceptance limits are wider with..?

determined by radiographer or QA tech subjectively to determine image quality

communication between radiologist and tech includes

communcation between tech and patient includes

15 ways to maintain an optimal rating in quality

causes damage to living cells

Three sources of ionizing radiation

absorbed dose and traditional and SI measurement

dose equivalent and Traditional and SI measurement

exposure and traditional and SI measurement

amount radiation required to turn skin red

established in 1964 to control radiation protection and measurements

Four functins of NCRP

nucleus surrounded by electrons

packets of energy in xrays

created when photons knock electrons out of their orbits

process of ionization results

Three main types of photon interactions

most common type of photon interaction

absorbed photon interaction

photoelectric effect is an interaction with....?

photoelectron production occurs with ...?

electron that has enough energy to knock other electrons from orbit

scattered photon interaction

compton scatter is a photon interaction with...?

During compton scatter, an atom is ___, photons change ___ and ___ energy.

source of most occupational exposure

photon interaction where photons pass through with no interaction

Pair production sends electron close to the ___ before disappearing

Pair production produces what two things?

photon must have energy of...?

Pair production rarely occurs in ___ range and mainly occurs in ___.

Four possible results of radiation on a cell

two sources of medical radiation exposure

external course of medical radiation exposure

internal source of medical radiation exposure

contains half life of radiation, but patients are radioactive until it dies out

produced when a stream of electrons hits the atoms of a target in the tube

applied to accelerate electrons

controls quality of beam

controls quantity or amount of radiation produced

xrays produced from the tube

primary radiation interacting with matter produces what two types of radiation

Three methods of protection:

most sensitve mature cells

used for treatment of cancer patients in radiation therapy or oncology and in nuclear medicine

Good housekeeping for protection from radionuclides is important because they can be ___, ___, and ____ to enter the body.

related to rate of exposure as function of inverse square law

intensity of beam is inversely proportional to square of the distance

aluminum used to absorb harmful soft radiation

inside the tube should be 0.5- 0.9 mm aluminum

as high as possible to decrease skin dose

Total filtration of what should be equal to 2.5 mm Al?

automatic or manual restriction of primary radiation to a limited area located on tube housing

Three methods to minimize repeat exposures

Best projection method for shielding

Three shielding devices

measure exposure to radiation and is to be worn at all times by employers

How often should film badges be turned in and reported?

provides certification and registrations for RT profession

established in 1992 in St. Paul, Minnesota to organize who is registered in RT

Primary certification exams

advanced level exams

ARRT board of trustees

ARRT consultants

ARRT publication saying who lost licenses, test stats, etc.

Eight steps of procedures to take certification exams

Five areas of content on registry exams in greatest to least order

Name, RT (R)

Name, RT (N)

Name, RT (T)

makes sure RT programs are teaching students correctly to ensure an accredited program

goes into hospital to ensure quality

establisted in 1969 by ASRT and ACR

what year did JRCERT become free standing?

national accrediting agency

JRCERT Board of directions

Five functions of JRCERT

JRCERT deems program in order to be "good enough" for certification

Nine areas of program standards

Steps of the accreditation process

When does self study occur?

longest possible accreditation award

Three things to happen if program is not up to par

classroom instruction

hospital, RTs, professors, students evaluation

safety and efficiency evaluation

Three areas of evaluation by JRCERT

Allegation process

Five values of accreditation

Four services of JRCERT

founded in 1920 as a national professional society to build up RTs as a profession

ASRT House of Delegates

ASRT board of directors

Four purposed of ASRT

ASRT peer reviewed journal

socioeconomics regarding technologists set by ASRT

state society that tracks continuing education credits and student involvement

how many conferences held by LSRT and when?

society to give skills for leading people and dealing with changing health care environment

Three goals of AHRA

publication of AHRA published quarterly

publication of AHRA published monthly

Two services of AHRA

Three purposed of the AERS

AERS

ARTS

Above average pay for RTs

Four jobs of an RT

RT facts:

education required for RT

Specialty areas of RT

routine xrays, portable, orthopedics, trauma, surgery

administer targeted doses of radiation to a patient's body to treat cancer and other diseases

gradually shrink and destroy the nucleus of malignant tumor cells

determine how much radiation will be delivered to a tumor site by calculations from the oncologist's plan

radioactive material introduced into the body to produce images of major organs

two procedures of nuc med

ultrasound in invasive procedures

Heart cath, myelogram, stents, angiography

contrast into spine to look for bulging discs

contrast into veins

radiography of breast for breast cancer awareness and education

sectional imaging that used radiation to slice axial images for several different views to improve diagnosis in emergency situation

uses magnetic fields and radio waves to see sectional views

measures indications of strength to determine osteoporosis

advanced level RT

What can an RA do?

Four opportunities for RTs out of the medical setting

radiaton therapist, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, special procedures

master of science in rad science
masters in healthcare administration
doctorate in education

radiologic and management expertise involved in purchasing, personnel management, budget preparation, regulatory specifications, decision making, and planning

formal training recognized in 1933

qualifications for radiographer educator

oversee the equipment in the department and guarantee that the equipment meets standards set by JCAHO, federal, state, and local agencies

ensures radiation producing machinery are properly handled and monitors radiation exposure of staff with film badges

preventative and non-preventative maintenance and repair of equipment

have a background in electronics and a high mechanical aptitude

train technologists on equipment on site to establish protocols and procedures

has a business background and involved in equipment, film, supplies

Bacelor of science is required for what two jobs?

Six reasons continuing education is required

required in order for a tech to use RT*(R) credentials adn be placed on registry

How often must tech renew certification?

unit of measurement based on a 50-minute contact hour

Three things to be knowledgable about for CE

When are CE credits and documentation due?

Seven CE documentation requirements

Passing an advanced level exam (ie. mammo, CV, CT, MRI, nuc med, rad therapy, ultrasound, etc) gives how many CE credits?

What happens when an RT does not comply with ARRT?

How many states require full or limited licensure?

How many states require CE?

Does the ARRT require CE from ALL states?

approved programs for CE by ARRT

Five examples of RCEEMs

provides 24 journals with tests approved for CE credits

Four most effective means of CE

How many credits given for academic courses?

designed to ensure that qualified personnel perform medical imaging and radiation therapy procedures and that state licensures are required to be covered by Medicare

Quality assurance is the responsibility of

Quality assurance does not involve

What is the advantage of the pyramidal arrangement for departmental administration?

What is the disadvantage of the pyramidal administrative arrangement?

Evluating quality in the radiology department may not include

Troubleshooting is an activity for

Equipment monitoring is an activity involving

The radiographic latent image is made visible by

Checking the equipment is the most logical place to start when

The acceptance level of a radiograph should be determing by the

The roentgen unit is a measure of

What is the filtration manufactured into the xray tube called?

What do the letters rad stand for?

When radiation interacts with matter and changes direction, it is called

What will affect patient dose?

Which exam will give the patient the highest gonadal dose?

The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau implies that sensitivity is greatest in

The basis for the NCRP policies and regulations for personnel and patients is the

The general population is allowed what fraction of the dose allowed for occupationally exposed people?

The dosimeter worn by most radiologic technologists measures

What cells of the body are most sensitive?

During portable xray exams, the tech's best protection is

The primary concern in radiation to the gonads is to prevent

Sensitivity to radiation in humans is greatest when?

The ARRT offered its first certificate in

The ARRT does what?

The ARRT exams consist of

A score is defined as passing when

The ARRT is the national organization for

Eligibility to sit for the ARRT exam in radiography requires

In 1997, what became a requirement for registration for ARRT exam?

The ARRT is one of the oldest certifying agencies in heal professions and is also the

The purpose of the ARRT is to

What governmental agency is responsible for the oversight of institutional and programatic accreditation?

In what way does the JRCERT accreditation benefit students?

Site visitors' responsibilites include

What is likely when a program's deficiencies threaten the capability of a program to provide acceptable education?

Educational standards address

THE JRCERT is

The JRCERT board of directors includes

The JRCERT investigates complaints that

What is a responsbility of the JRCERT?

The accreditation process includes

JRCERT accredited programs may exist in what settings?

Responsibilites of JRCERT board of directors include

Services offered by the JRCERT include

What is true of accreditation?

What is true of a program's self study report?

What individuals may serve as site visitors?

Radiologic sciences education has evolved from the ___ to the __ model.

A national organization primarily for radiologic technology educators is the

A national organization primarily for radiologic technology managers is

A national organization for all radiologic technologists is

What was the primary reason that the ASRT was formed?

Today, the ASRT serves its members with

The ASRT holds continuing education opportunities in conjunction with the annual meeting of

The professional jounral published by the ASRT is called

The ASRT currently represents how many rad techs?

Other professionals who work in diagnostic imaging and therapy include

The ASRT was founded in

coalition of organization to communicate and plan for issues that affect diagnostics

Which procedure is not an xray exam?

The distinguishing difference between CT and MRI

Which imaging modality is most useful in studying the brain and spinal cord through visualization of soft tissue?

The formulation of radiopharmaceuticals and localization of each within the body are unique to what discipline?

The speacialty that allows the most patient contact is

Which subject in the curriculum is not common to all disciplines?

Which specialty is involved in the treatment of disease rather than diagnosis?

Which specialty may national certification be obtained through an organization rather than the ARRT?

An advantage of ultrasound over other imaging modalities

Upward and lateral mobility depends primarily on what?

Personnel management, budget preparation, union negotiations, and purchasing are a few areas of involvement of

The formal training of xray techs in the US began in

Formal training of xray tech in Europe was undertaken by

The ASRT was established in

Qualifications for rad science program director, faculty, clinical coordinator, and clinical instructor are addressed by

The Joint Commission requires that rad departments establish

What is of utmost importance in quality assurance or quality control program?

The monitoring of personnel radiation exposure is the responsbility of the

Minor radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment problems are often serviced by the

CE for radiologic technologists is

What is not acceptable for CE credit

The organization requiring CE for renewal of certification is the

What organization is not responsbile for approving education activities for CE credit

CE credits may be obtained from an accredited postsecondary educational institution in

For an academic course to be acceptable for CE credit, the learner must receive at least

The ASRT established the ECE program in

The main objective for CE is to