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What is transfusion medicine?
- to increase red cell mass in anemic animals
- a temporary fix for regenerative anemia
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What do RBCs carry that makes it important for us to type them and why?
- carry antigens
- can cause transfusion reactions if antigens are not compatible with the recipient
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What is oxyglobin?
synthetic hemoglobin that does the job of RBCs (carries oxygen)
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Can blood types be determined in house?
yes
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Are there blood banks available for animals?
yes
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What is oxyglobin made of?
purified bovine hemoglobin
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Which animals is oxyglobin approved in?
dogs
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Does oxyglobin have antigens?
no
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Is oxyglobin expensive?
yes
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What are some post treatment effects of using oxyglobin? How long does it last?
- PCV decreases
- urine discolored (causes chemistry to not be accurate)
- yellow skin discoloration
- resolves itself in 3 - 5 days
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How many canine blood groups are there?
11
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Which canine blood groups are we concerned with and why?
- DEA 1.1 and 1.2 - most antigenic (more likely for animal will produce antibodies against it)
- DEA 7 - 50% of dogs are born with antibodies against DEA 7
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Can dogs have more than 1 blood type?
yes
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What are some different signs of a transfusion reaction?
- urticaria
- tremors
- fever
- collapse
- hemoglobinuria
- vomiting
- respiratory distress
- shock
- DIC
- death
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When do we usually see tranfusion reactions?
usually within 1 hour of the transfusion
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What should we do if we see a transfusion reaction?
- stop the transfusion immediately
- get the doctor
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What causes fading baby syndrome?
neonatal isoerythrolysis
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What are universal doggie donors?
negative for DEA 1.1, 1.2, and 7
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What is cross matching?
- determines if antibodies are present in red cells
- shows DEA 7 isoantibodies
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What are the two types of cross matching?
- major cross match (the main one we do)
- minor cross match
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What is the major cross match?
tests donor RBCs and recipient plasma
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How do we do a major cross match?
- mix 0.2 ml EDTA packed cells with 4.6ml 0.9% saline
- put 0.1 ml in each tube
- add 0.1 ml of recipent plasma
- incubate room temp for 15 minutes
- centrifuge all for 1 minute
- if we see hemolysis or agglutination then the RBCs are incompatible
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What is minor cross match?
- testing donor plasma to recipient RBCs
- looking for antibodies in donor
- done the same way as major cross matching
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What are the different feline blood types?
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Which feline blood type is the most common?
type A
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Do cat's have more of a severe transfusion reaction than dogs?
yes, sometimes the first signs is death
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What percent of cats with type A blood have anti B antibodies?
35%
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What percent of cats with type B blood have anti A antibodies?
70%
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Which cats typically have type B blood?
purebred and mixed
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Are feline transfusion reactions common in the US?
no, because most cats have the same blood type
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What are the in house blood typing tests? What do the tests determine?
- RapidVet - H Canine (determines DEA 1.1)
- RapidVet - H Feline (determines A, B, or AB)
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How do in house blood typing tests work?
- rapid card agglutination tests
- if see clumping, then antigen (blood type) is present
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Where can we get blood for transfusions?
from bank, fresh, or stored
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What are the three different additives we can collect blood with?
- CPD-A1: good for 4 weeks in frig
- ACD: good for 3 weeks in frig
- Heparin: good for 24 hours
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____ ml/lb BW will raise PCV 1%
1
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How do we administer blood for a blood transfusion?
- use blood administration set or use microfiltration
- 10 drops/ml
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What is volume overload?
- administering the blood too quickly
- no faster than 5 ml/min
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What are the different routes we can administer blood for a blood transfusion?
- IV
- intra-osseous route
- intraperitoneal
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How fast does blood absorb into the body IP route?
60% absorbed over 48 hours
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What is component therapy?
administering plasma (a component of blood)
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What are the different forms of plasma we can administer?
- fresh plasma
- fresh frozen plasma
- stored plasma
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How quickly do we need to administer plasma therapy after collecting from the donor?
use within 24 hours or freeze within 6 hours
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When would we use fresh plasma?
for clotting deficits
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When do we need to separate fresh plasma to be frozen?
separate with in 6 hours after collection
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When would we use fresh frozen plasma?
used in clotting deficits, DIC, septicemia, and neoplasia
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What is stored plasma?
obtaining plasma from stored blood (CPD-A1)
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How long is stored plasma good for?
- freeze and its good for 1 year
- good for 4 weeks not frozen
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When would we use stored plasma?
- hypoproteinemia
- volume expansion
- severely ill patients
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What is the dose for administering stored plasma?
10 ml/kg
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What is cryoprecipiatate?
precipitate from frozen plasma
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What is the plasma called once the cryoprecipitate has been removed?
cryopoor plasma
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What would we use cryoprecipitate for?
- clotting deficits
- sepsis
- parvo pups
- DIC
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What is the dose for administering cryoprecipitate?
12 - 20 ml/kg
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What does cryopoor plasma contain?
- albumins and globulins
- factors II, VII, X
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When would we use cryopoor plasma?
used to treat coumarin toxicosis
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What is the dose for administering cryopoor plasma?
10 ml/kg
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How long is cryopoor plasma good for when it is stored at -20 degrees celcius?
1 year
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What is super plasma?
activates the vW factors
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What do we need to pretreat the donor with for super plasma and why?
- pretreat with DDAVP one hour before collection
- activates the vW factor
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Other than dogs with vW, what else can we use super plasma for?
fading puppies
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- RapidVet - H Feline
- A positive, B negative
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- RapidVet - H Canine
- DEA 1.1
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