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What are the 3 types of imagery?
- Electro-Optical (EO)
- Infra-Red (IR)
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
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What are the theater imagery assets?
- Predator
- IGNAT
- Shadow
- Global Hawk
- P-3 Orion
- U-2 Dragon Lady
- E-8 JSTARS
- Scan Eagle
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What are the two most common residential structures for Iraq and Afghanistan?
- Iraq: Tri-Brick
- Afghanistan: Adobe
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What are the key features for identifying a mosque?
- Orientation to Mecca
- The Halla
- The dome
- Minarets
- Covered arcade
- Washing station
- Courtyard opposite the Halla
- Its proximity to other structures
- Upkeep of the building
- Noon-time activity on Friday
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What impact does light have on target marker placement?
Too much light (washout) can inhibit image resolution.
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What impact do shadows have on target marker placement?
Shadows can help identify what you are looking at.
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What impact does image angle and obliqueness have on target marker placement?
- Obliquity and error can skew the coordinates of an image, increasing the search time in terrain recognition.
- In mountainous terrain, look angle adverse and oblique can be challenging.
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What are CE and LE? How are they expressed?
- CE is Circular Error. It is horizontal accuracy and it is expressed in feet or meters.
- LE is Linear Error. It is vertical accuracy and it is expressed in feet or meters.
- Both are expressed at 90% for targeting.
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What is TLE? How is it calculated?
- TLE is Target Location Error.
- It is the difference between the reported position and the actual position of the target, and it is due to sensor error.
- It is calculated by combining Circular Error (CE) and Linear Error (LE).
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What is CEP? How is it expressed? What causes it?
- CEP is Circular Error Probable.
- It is horizontal accuracy expressed in feet or meteres at 50% probability.
- It is caused by weapon system or guidance system errors.
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What is HAE? How is it calculated?
- HAE is Height Above Elipsoid.
- It is the distance a point is above or below a mathematically-defined regular elipsoid model of the Earth's surface.
- It was calculated by creating an elipse 3,930 miles from the center of the Earth out to the 45 degree latitude lines.
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What is MSL? How is it calculated?
- MSL is Mean Sea Level.
- It averages out tidal highs and lows caused by gravitation of the Sun and Moon.
- It was calculated by using the arithmetic mean of hourly ocean heights over a 19-year cycle.
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What is the standard for CE and LE for targeting?
6m or 20ft.
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What is EGM 96?
- Earth Gravitational Model 96.
- It is native to DPPDB.
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What is DPPDB?
Digital Point Positioning Data Base
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What colors does FalconView display related to DPPDB coverage?
Red if it is not present for an area, green if it is.
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What EGM model is used by ATACMS?
EGM 84
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What are some of the key features used for terrain recognition?
- Buildings
- Roads
- Rivers
- Streams
- Rooftops
- A/C units
- Trails
- Hills
- Depressions
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Who is responsible for the Global Holdings List and DPPDB?
The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
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What do the first two numbers in the DPPDB 'D' number represent?
The year the imagery was developed.
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Who maintains the No-Strike List?
The Combatant Commander (COCOM) for the AOR.
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What are the Cat 1 'Most Sensitive' facilities?
- Religious/Cultural/Historic sites
- NGOs
- Medical faciliteis
- Publid education facilities
- Civilian refugee camps
- POW camps
- Facilities with environmental concerns
- Dams and dikes
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How do you set your PSS-OFF to display north up?
- Select "Tools"
- Select "Program options"
- Select "Environment options"
- Select "Rotate imagery to North up"
- You must re-extract the point.
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How do you import and display a No-strike list?
- Select "Graphics"
- Select "Import no strike list"
- After loading, select "Add no strike points"
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What does GEOTRANS do?
Converts coordinates among a wide variety of coordinate systems, map projections and datums.
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What are the parts of a PFI file?
- A 3D template from DPPDB stereo imagery
- A National Image Transmission Format (NITF or .NTF) file
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Who validates PFI files? Are they approved for targeting?
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What applications support PFI files?
- PFED
- DPSS Scene Matching
- Handheld Sync (HHS)
- PFIG
- DIEE
- PFI Viewer-Handheld (PFIV-H)
- NITF Viewer
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What instruction mandates certification to derive coordinates?
CJCSI 3505.01A
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Who can certify individuals to derive coordinates?
- The NGA
- An NGA accredited service
- A Geographic Combatant Command/Functional Command
- An Allied program
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What is TC 3-09.61?
It defines the training and certification standards for the Army Precision Fires Target Coordinate Mensuration Program.
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What is a datum?
A base reference for a coordinate system.
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What are the two categories of datum?
Horizontal and Vertical
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What is mono imagery?
A 2D representation of a 3D world.
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How does stereo imagery work?
It uses multiple image captures of the same area and allows us to look at the same thing from two different angles.
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What does stereo imagery allow?
It allows us to accurately determine feature height.
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What is image obliquity?
The difference between the reference elevation and the actual terrain elevation, creating a possible horizontal error.
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What can cause image obliquity?
- Sensor location
- Look angle
- Platform/Sensor accuracy
- Ground track
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What are features that can be used for terrain recognition?
- North arrow
- Look angle
- Lakes and rivers
- Roads and paths
- Structures and buildings
- Vegetation and soil patterns
- Light and shadow
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