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allograph
differing letter sequences that represent the same phoneme (eg heat, key, tree
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allophone
variant production of a phoneme
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aspiration
the production of a frictional noise (similar to h) following the release of a voiceless stop consonant
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blade
the part of the tongue located just posterior to the tip
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coarticualation
an articulatory process whereby individual phonemes overlap one another due to timing constraints and ease of production
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consonant
a phoneme produced with a constriction in the vocal track
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consonant cluster
two or three contiguous consonants in a syllable (eg strike, please, leapt)
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digraph
pair of letters that represent one sound, the letters may be the same or different (eg look, think, ear)
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dipthong
a single phoneme consisting of two vowel elements
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dorsum
the body of the tongue
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epenthesis
the addition of a phoneme to a word during speech production as a result of coarticulation, dialect or a speech disorder
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glottis
the space between the vocal folds
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grapheme
a printed alaphbet letter used in the representation of an allograph
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homorganic
two consonants sharing the same place of articulation (eg time, neck)
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intervocalic
a consonant located between two vowels
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intraoral pressure
the air pressue within the oral cavity, created by a constriction of the articulators during producion of stop consonants
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lateral
a manner of production in which the aristream is directed over the sides of the tongue (l). Think liquid.
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metathesis
the switching of two phonemes in a word due to speech error, dialectal variation, or a speech disorder
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minimal pair
a pair of words that vary by only one phoneme, (eg fan/van)
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misarticulation
an articulatory error, classically categorized as an omission, substitution distortion or addition (SODA)
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phonlogical processes
simplifications used by children not capable of producing adult speech patterns
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postvocalic
consonant following a vowel
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prevocalic
consonant preceding a vowel
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rhotacization
the production of a phoneme with a r quality
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root
the portion of the tongue that attaches to the anterior wall of the pharynx and the mandible
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tap
a manner of consonant production involving a rapid movement of the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge resulting in the creation of a very brief phoneme
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vowel quadrilateral
a teo dimensional figure representing tongue height and tongue advancement that displays the relative position of the tongue during vowel production
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