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what is the most common permanent physical disability of childhood?
Cerebral Palsy
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what are the four types of CP
- spastic
- dyskinetic/athetoid
- ataxic
- mixed type/dystonic
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what are the s/s of cerebral palsy
- unsteady gait
- muscle tone
- visual deficits
- hearing impairment
- oral motor involvement
- seizures
- sensory impairment
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what do we do for cerebral palsy
- promote normal functioning
- may have splints for arms/legs
- med management (pain meds, muscle relaxants, anti-epileptic, treatment of symptoms)
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what are the 3 types of meningitis
- bacterial (kids b/t 1 month and 5 years)
- tuberculous (rarely seen)
- viral (more common, can happen at any age)
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what do we see with meningitis
- fever
- vomiting
- irritability
- nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness)
- seizures
- bulging fontanelles
- photophobia
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what are we going to do for meningitis
- decrease environmental stimuli (decrease noise, lights)
- seizure precautions
- observe and assess
- IV antibiotics (bacterial until proved otherwise)
- lab test observation
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what is hydrocephalus
- imbalance in production and absorption of CSF
- often related to obstruction or impaired absorption in subarachnoid space
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what causes hydrocephalus
- developmental malformations
- neoplasms
- infections
- trauma
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what are we going to see with hydrocephalus
- bulging fontanelles
- abnormal head growth
- separated sutures
- irritability
- cries when disturbed, calm when alone
- changes in LOC
- shrill, high pitch cry
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how do we treat hyrdrocephalus
shunt placement (VP shunt)
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what are we going to do for hydrocephalus
- assessment for s/s of ICP
- daily circumference head measurement
- assess fontanelles
- assess LOC
- sudden changes in behavior
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what are we going to do for post-op hydrocephalus shunt placement care?
- lay off operative side
- may have head elevation orders
- observe for complications
- observe for abdominal distention
- I/O
- IV antibiotics
- skin care
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what are the different types of spina bifida
- spina bifida occulta
- spina bifida cystica
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what are we going to see with spina bifida
- lower extremity paralysis
- incontinence
- joint deformities
- sometimes nothing
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