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Which patients do you give a more detailed occlusal exam?
- Patients with orthodontic problems
- Adult patients preparing for comprehensive restorative plans
- *all others including pediatric have a basic exam
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Who serves as the historian for the child's medical history?
The parent or guardian
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What can we tell from vital signs?
- 1. Identify abnormalities
- 2. Establish baseline health data for emergencies
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Which extraoral problem is not commonly observed in kids?
TMJ problems
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Which 4 facial analysis features do we use to determine orthodontic status
- 1. Profile
- 2. Facial pattern
- 3. Lip position
- 4. Facial symmetry
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What are the three types of facial profiles that you can get?
- Convex (Class II), Straight, and Concave (Class III)
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What are brachyfacial and dolichofacial?
- Brachyfacial- short, wide facial pattern
- Dolichofacial- long, narrow
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How do you determine if someone has a mesofacial facial pattern?
Draw a line from the mandible to the lowest point in the occipital region. If they line up, it's mesofacial
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Where does the line lie on a brachyfacial presentation?
The mandibular plane line goes under the occiput line
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Where does the line lie on a dolichofacial patient?
The mandibular line intersects at a region above the occipital region
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What are the three lip positions?
Retrusive, normal, protrusive
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Which intraoral soft tissues is enlarged normally in children?
Tonsils
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Do children have more or less plaque than adults? Calculus?
More plaque, less calculus
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What type of bite occurs with overjet?
Anterior crossbite
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Class II Maloclussion
Molars are end to end
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What is a flush terminal plane?
The distal surface of the mandibular molar is flush with the maxillary molar
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What is a mesial step?
The distal surface of the mandibular molar is mesial to the distal surface of the maxillary molar
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What is a distal step? What does this commonly translate to in the permanent dentition?
- A distal step has the distal surface of the mandibular molar distal to the distal surface of the maxillary molar.
- It will be a future class II
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What is overjet?
- horizontal overlap of incisors from labial surface of lower incisor to incisal tip upper incisor
- Normal= 2-3mm
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What class of molar relationship usually accompanies Overjet?
Class II
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What are the two types of incisor divisions?
- Div 1: flared incisors
- Div 2: retroclined incisors
- trusive refers to positionclined refers to angulation
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What is overbite?
- Vertical overlap of the incisors
- Normally 1-2mm or 20-30%
- Excessive: deep pite, possible palatal impingement
- No overbite= open bite
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What are the two most important aspects of transverse dimension?
Midlines and posterior crossbites
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which anatomical landmark gives us a good idea of the midline?
The philtrum
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What is a brodie bite?
Brodie bites are buccal crossbites
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How often should we take radiographs in children?
- Every 12-24 months if child is caries free and low risk
- Every 6 months if child is high risk
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What is caries risk assessment?
- The determination of the likelihood of the incidence of caries (# of new cavitated or incipient lesions) during a certain time period
- The likelihood of a change in size/activity of present lesions
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At which age is a child considered pre-cooperative?
3 years old
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What factors can be involved with emotionally compromised children?
- From broken homes
- Unfortunate parenting circumstances
- Poverty
- Abused and neglected children
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How do we define the shy, introverted child?
- Limpness, trembling
- Demonstrates avoidance behaior (crying, whimpering, rarely aggressive)
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How do we defined the frightened child?
- Developmentally unable to arrest fear
- Emotional upset results in overreaction
- Acquired (from others) and learned (experienced) fears
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How is a child who is adverse to authority?
- Undue attention (annoying, irritating, disrupting)
- Struggle for power (argue, contradict, tantrums)
- Retaliation and revenge (violent temper, seeks revenge)
- Inadequacy (gives up easily, rarely participates)
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