Bio Chapter 11

scientific study of heredity

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate

specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

offspring of crosses btwn parents with different traits

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

one of a number of different forms of a gene

separation of alleles during gamete formation

specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

likelihood that a particular event will occur

diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross

term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait

term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

physical characteristic of an organism

genetic makeup of an organism

independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes

situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another

situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

three or more of the same gene

trait controlled by two or more genes

term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent

term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes

process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome

a term used to refer to the allele that is exhibited for a particular trait; represented by capital letters

term used to refer to allele that is only exhibited for a particular trait if the dominant allele for the trait is not present; represented by lowercase letters