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Nutrient
Feed constituent that functions in the support of life
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Four Types of Feedstuff
Roughages, Proteins, Concentrates, NPN
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What is Silage?
Fermented Forages
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What are the 6 basic classes of nutrients?
Water, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Carbohydrates
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Where does the nutrients go once they are absorbed from the GI tract?
Bloodstream
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What is Digestibility?
the percentage of a feedstuff that crosses from the inside of the intestinal tract into the body
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How do you determine digestibility?
(intake dry matter-output dry matter) = intake dry matter * 100
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What is the digetibility of forages?
10-80%
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What is the digestibility of concentrates?
70-100%
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Why is it important to know the dry matter (DM) content of feeds when balancing diets or purchasing feeds?
So you know the amount of nutrients in something
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Fats contain what elements?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
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What are fats composed of?
one,two,or three fatty acids attatched to a glycerol backbone
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Fats contain 2.25 times more energy than...
Carbohydrates
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Saturated fats have what kind of bonds?
Have single bonds
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Unsaturated fats have what kinds of bonds?
double or even triple bonds between carbons
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Which is more stable: Saturated or Unsaturated fats?
Saturated Fats
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Which is easier to break down: Saturaterd or Unsaturated Fats?
Unsaturated fats
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What elements do Carbohydates contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
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Molasses is an example of what?
Simple Carb
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Cellulose, a major component in plant cell walls, is an example of what?
Complex Carb
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What is the first sign of a bad calcium and phosphorus ratio mix up?
Kidney Stones
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Minerals are made up of what elements?
Anything that is NOT; C, H, N, or O
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Minerals are; inoganic or organic?
Inorganic
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Macrominerals are required in: large or small amounts?
Large amounts
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Microminerals are required in: large or small amounts?
Small amounts
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What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
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What are the water soluble vitamins?
B,C
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True of False: Ruminants have to be balanced on all vitamins because they cannot make their own.
False
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Proteins are composed of what elements?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
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What is the only nutrient class that contains Nitrogen?
Proteins
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What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
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WHat is the most used example of a NPN?
Urea
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What is an encapsulated protein, that is given to a ruminant to bypass the rumen and to be absorbed in the small intestine?
Bypass Protein
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Average feed values can be obtained from standard what?
Feed Tables
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TDN stands for what?
Total Digestible Nutrients
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What is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of ! gram of water 1 degree Celsius?
Calorie
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Carnivores consume what as their main source of nutrients?
Animal Tissue
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Front eye placement signals the animal as: predator or prey?
Predator
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Side eye placement signals the animal as a :predator or prey?
Prey
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Herbavores consume what as their main source of energy?
plant tissue
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True or False: Omnivores consume both plant and animal tissue as their main energy source.
True
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The order of the monogastric digestive tract is what?
Mouth -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small Intestine -> Large Intestine -> Rectum
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Chemical digestion begins where?
Stomach
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Mouth is a form of; physical or chemical digestion?
Physical
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Small intestine is the site of?
Major absoption
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What prepares feces for absorption and is in charge of absoption of water?
Large Intestines
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Microbial digestion takes place in the?
Large Intestines
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The Cecum functions as a ___ and is otherwise known as_____?
Vestigial Organ, Appendix
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What does R.O.A.R stand for?
Rumen, omasum, abomasum, and reticulum
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What part of the ruminant is responsible for storage of large amount of feed?
Rumen
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Reticulum is also known as the______ and works as a _____?
Honey comb, sifter
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Rumen is also known as the ______?
Pauch
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Where does microbial digestion in the ruminant take place?
Rumen
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Omasum is also know as _______ and it ________ feed?
manyplys, grinds/pulverizes
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Abomasum functions similar to the________?
Monogastric stomach
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Greasy wool is what?
Wool shorn once per year
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Wool that is washed to remove grease is know as?
Scoured wool
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The leading world producer of greasy wool is?
Australia
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The three top wool producing states are?
- 1. Texas
- 2. Wyoming
- 3. California
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Grease, in wool, is also known as?
Yolk
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Shearing is to what?
Take the wool off the sheep
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To put the fleece into a big washer and clean it is also called?
Scouring
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Yolk, after it is processed, is used as?
Lanolin
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Mohair comes from what?
Angora Goats
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Growth of wool occurs where?
Hair follicles
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What supplement is important in wool and hair production?
Melatonin
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What is the most important nutrition in wool production?
Proteins
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Cuticle is the?
Outer layer of wool
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What is absent in fine wool but the center usually?
Medulla
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Fleece is a term for?
Wool from one sheep
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The natural waviness of a wool fiber is called?
Crimp
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The length of a wool fiber is called?
Staple
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True or False: A clip is one years production of wool?
True
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What is the number of hanks of yarn that can be spun?
Spin Count
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Wool tags are?
Manure covered locks of wool = bad
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Wool is measured in what?
Microns
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Extremely fine fleece is usually less than ____ microns?
20
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