current issues

• ways in which humans use food
• -how its selected, obtained, distrubted
• -who prepares it, serves it, eats it

• omnivire paradox
• dis. not one single food that can do it all
• adv. variety
• --
• self identity
• symbolic use of food (bread and wine)
• culture identity - beyond self identity

origin, lifestyle, traditions, values, beliefs, attitudes and practices accepted by members of a group or community

• social identity associated with shared behavior patterns
• -food habits
• -dress
• -language
• -family structure
• -religious affilation

• process when people from one ethnicity to an area with different culture norms
• -adapt to new majority society

familiarity with the food habits of a particular culture, as well as recognition of variation within culture

• food habits
• food culture
• foodways
• -how its selected, obtained, distributed
• -who serves it, prepares it, eats it

• healthcare, nutrition research, assessment, counseling, education
• -growing diversity in U.S population

• SES
• acculturation
• risk and disparities
• ex) type 2 diabetes and infant mortality

• assumptions
• terminology
• nutritional jargon
• stereotyping

• make observations
• participate in community activities
• consider cultural perspective

• food use with positive benefits
• food use that is neutral
• food behaviors with demonstratable harmful effects
• unclassifable

• -cultural definitions of health and sickness
• -intercultural communication - verbal and nonverbal and personal space
• -time orientation (time zones - how time is followed)
• -language

• "hot" and "cold" foods
• lactose intolerance
• mediterranean diet = high monounsaturated fats
• type 2 diabetes

• jewish dietary laws
• means "fit"

• which animals are permitted
• method of slaughtering animals
• forbidden animal parts
• preparation of meat
• law of meat and milk

• diet based on grains
• meat

• no meat
• Lacto-ova-veg

• Halal and Haram
• permitted foods
• unlawful/prohibited foods

• avoid foods that hamper body
• cow is sacred
• pork- avoid
• abstain from drinking alcohol

displine intergrating biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering

• application of food science
• -food selection, perservatiom, processing

• market analysis
• -quality control
• -food safety
• -large scale process

cooking and salting

freezing, canning, drying, molecular cuisine, sous vide

• FS-design labels
• develop new food products

RD- expert in MNT

trend in food, food science to make foods

is a method of cooking food sealed in airtight plastic bags in a water bath for longer than normal cooking times

immunologically toxic reaction to consumption to gluten

itchy, blistering skin condition regarded as a form of CD

• contamination - use own utinsels
• overlooked sources of gluten - read labels
• malabsorption- address symptoms
• vitamin and mineral def. - get nutrients from other sources

diarrhea, ab. pain, bloat, gas + wt. loss and poor growth

biopsy of small intestine mucosa

antibodies- indicates need for biopsy

blood test

specific genes associated with CD are tested

• eat gluten 4-8 weeks before
• when eating gluten
• at risk of disease

• lifelong gluten free diet
• -vili will return to normal
• -refractory celiac disease can occur

nutritional deficiancy, intestinal cancers, neurolical disorder, reproductive complications, other autoimmune diseases

wheat, rye, barley, malt, bulgar

medication, toothpaste, cross contamination

rice, corn, potatoe, flax, soy

• explain CD
• food avoid/allowed
• resources
• label reading
• nutritional issues

• real food nutrition
• mini managers
• buying into bioavaliablity
• protein power
• plant based diets
• gourmet nutrition
• risk awareness on the rise
• first aid
• kids, dads, grandparents
• liquidation

• more food, less from supplements
• clean
• less processed

• small steps to change diet
• healthier verisons
• ex) more whole grains

• how effective nutrients are to get what they want
• ex)vitamins

• adequete protein
• directed toward seniors

• whole grains/high fiber
• fruit and veggies- trying to include more
• limit meat intake

• popular dishes
• local meat and seafood
• sustainability
• breakfast foods- complex & variety
• low sodium
• fresh refriderator food

• urinary and cardivascular claims
• aware among the young- heart healthy products, preventionm, mental health, diabetes

• probiotics
• functional foods instead of medicine
• gluten free
• stress relief and relaxation
• immune system concerns

• growing products - decrease in fiber, increase in probiotics
• calcium, vit. d, vit. c
• biggest concerns: cholestrol, wt, heart health, mental, eye health
• mens impulse buys: snack foods, cereal, ice cream

• beverages up in sales
• trends: gut health, immunity, heart health
• other concerns: calcium, vit, min, antioxidants, green tea

• lactose intolerance
• alcoholism, obesity and diabetes

• religion
• pork, pork products, corn, greens, soul food
• dairy products

• calcium, iron, calories, some vit.
• obesity, type 2 diabetes

• latinos
• SES
• dairy - lactose intolerant
• pnemonia, flu, TB, obesity

• lactose
• rice
• higher
• lard, cooking oil, monkey

• lactose
• rice
• hot and cold

• type 2 diabetes
• lactose

TB

• private sector
• gov't based programs

• cost
• access
• levels of healthcare

health care compared to other countries

• hospitalized
• -higher level of core required for one hospital

• traditionally an acute, care system
• -treat problem only

• prevenative and primary care
• secondary and tertiarty care
• restorative and long term care

• diagnosis and tx
• acute care
• tertiary care - organ transplate unit

• traditional hospitals
• physicians
• ER

• specific disease tx
• restorative care
• care for recovery

long term care- rehab

maintenance,custodial and health services for chronically ill or disabled

patients at nutritonal risk

• health insurance
• -private (most)
• -public (medicaid, medicare)

financial protection against health care cost

centers for medicare and medicaid services

• Part B
• diabetes, renal failure-no dialysis, post kidney
• BS or up + >900 hours practice and licensed

• 65+ or end stage renal disease, social security disability
• hospital in patient charges are reimbursed

• medical insurance
• optional program
• outpatient services

federal but each state has own program

• low incomes or disabilities
• nutritional services-depends on state

• the unisured
• high costs of heath care
• aging population
• higher levels of care required

• employed - small company, self employed
• results- cost shift to insured

• for pre-exsisting condition
• children
• 2014
• drop you when you get sick

poorer health for some racial and ethnic groups= infant mortality, mortality

• access to healthcare
• SES
• prevelance of risk factors

health care team led by patients personal physician

nuclear testing, displacement, change in diet, overcrowding, poverty, poor nutritional status, TB easily spread

population became urbanized- poor sanitation

weight divided by height squared

• s-cheap and easy
• w- doesnt use frame size, ignores gender

yes in combination with waist circumference

amount of years estimated to live

education increase, technology

longevity has strong genetic componant

areas with limited access to affordable, quality, nutritious food

• ensure access to healthy, affordable food
• increase physical activity
• provide healthier food in schools
• empower parents with information

More resources are needed along with more backup from other people

• food marketing
• food costs
• access to food
• supply and demand of food

• probiotics and prebiotics
• organic food
• low fat foods
• increase in grains and vegetables