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what is foodways?
- ways in which humans use food
- -how its selected, obtained, distrubted
- -who prepares it, serves it, eats it
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factors effecting foods that are eaten
- omnivire paradox
- dis. not one single food that can do it all
- adv. variety
- --
- self identity
- symbolic use of food (bread and wine)
- culture identity - beyond self identity
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what is culture?
origin, lifestyle, traditions, values, beliefs, attitudes and practices accepted by members of a group or community
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what is ethnicity?
- social identity associated with shared behavior patterns
- -food habits
- -dress
- -language
- -family structure
- -religious affilation
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what is acculturation?
- process when people from one ethnicity to an area with different culture norms
- -adapt to new majority society
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what is cultural competency?
familiarity with the food habits of a particular culture, as well as recognition of variation within culture
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What are trends in cultural diversity?
- food habits
- food culture
- foodways
- -how its selected, obtained, distributed
- -who serves it, prepares it, eats it
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for nutrition and food habits there is a need for cultural competency, why?
- healthcare, nutrition research, assessment, counseling, education
- -growing diversity in U.S population
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when it comes to ethnicity and health what are the main concerns?
- SES
- acculturation
- risk and disparities
- ex) type 2 diabetes and infant mortality
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for intercultural nutrition with data collection and nutrition assessment what are some things to avoid?
- assumptions
- terminology
- nutritional jargon
- stereotyping
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how to improve cultural competency?
- make observations
- participate in community activities
- consider cultural perspective
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how to classify food habits by nutritional impact?
- food use with positive benefits
- food use that is neutral
- food behaviors with demonstratable harmful effects
- unclassifable
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things to be respectful of culturally based on food habits and other considerations?
- -cultural definitions of health and sickness
- -intercultural communication - verbal and nonverbal and personal space
- -time orientation (time zones - how time is followed)
- -language
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Balkans and middle eastern
illnesses use what types of foods?
high incidence of what?
type of diet ususally that prevents cardiovascular issues?
disease prevelant in arab men?
- "hot" and "cold" foods
- lactose intolerance
- mediterranean diet = high monounsaturated fats
- type 2 diabetes
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Judism:
what is Kashrut?
what is Kosher?
- jewish dietary laws
- means "fit"
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What are some categories of Jewish Dietary Laws?
- which animals are permitted
- method of slaughtering animals
- forbidden animal parts
- preparation of meat
- law of meat and milk
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Mormon:
what is diet based on?
eat what sparingly?
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7-Day Adventists
dietary restrictions?
typical diet?
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Islam/Muslim:
what are there food laws?
what is Halal?
what is Haram?
- Halal and Haram
- permitted foods
- unlawful/prohibited foods
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Hinduism:
what are their dietary practices?
- avoid foods that hamper body
- cow is sacred
- pork- avoid
- abstain from drinking alcohol
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what is food science?
displine intergrating biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering
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what is food technology?
- application of food science
- -food selection, perservatiom, processing
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what are some applications of food technology?
- market analysis
- -quality control
- -food safety
- -large scale process
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what are traditional methods of food technology?
what are modern methods of food technology?
cooking and salting
freezing, canning, drying, molecular cuisine, sous vide
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What are the differences between a RD and food scientist?
- FS-design labels
- develop new food products
RD- expert in MNT
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what is molecular cuisine?
trend in food, food science to make foods
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what is sous vide?
is a method of cooking food sealed in airtight plastic bags in a water bath for longer than normal cooking times
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what is celiac disease?
immunologically toxic reaction to consumption to gluten
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what is dermatitis herpetiformis?
itchy, blistering skin condition regarded as a form of CD
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what are some nutritional issues related to celiac diet education?
How to intervene or solve?
- contamination - use own utinsels
- overlooked sources of gluten - read labels
- malabsorption- address symptoms
- vitamin and mineral def. - get nutrients from other sources
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what are the symptoms of celiac disease?
what is the gold standard?
diarrhea, ab. pain, bloat, gas + wt. loss and poor growth
biopsy of small intestine mucosa
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Celiac Disease:
what aids in the diagnosis?
what indicates need for biopsy?
how is genetic testing done?
antibodies- indicates need for biopsy
blood test
specific genes associated with CD are tested
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Celiac Disease:
for the biopsy what is needed?
when is the antibody test only effective?
what does a positive genetic test result mean?
- eat gluten 4-8 weeks before
- when eating gluten
- at risk of disease
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what is the tx of celiac disease?
what happens if left untreated?
- lifelong gluten free diet
- -vili will return to normal
- -refractory celiac disease can occur
nutritional deficiancy, intestinal cancers, neurolical disorder, reproductive complications, other autoimmune diseases
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Celiac Disease:
what are the grains to avoid?
what are some hidden sources of gluten?
wheat, rye, barley, malt, bulgar
medication, toothpaste, cross contamination
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Celiac Disease:
what are allowed grains?
rice, corn, potatoe, flax, soy
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Celiac Disease:
4 areas to address when conducting diet education for CD patients?
- explain CD
- food avoid/allowed
- resources
- label reading
- nutritional issues
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what are the top 10 functional food trends by Institue of food technologists
- real food nutrition
- mini managers
- buying into bioavaliablity
- protein power
- plant based diets
- gourmet nutrition
- risk awareness on the rise
- first aid
- kids, dads, grandparents
- liquidation
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top 10 functional food trends:
real food nutrition?
- more food, less from supplements
- clean
- less processed
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top 10 functional food trends:
mini managers?
- small steps to change diet
- healthier verisons
- ex) more whole grains
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top 10 functional food trends:
buying into bioavailability?
- how effective nutrients are to get what they want
- ex)vitamins
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top 10 functional food trends:
protein power?
- adequete protein
- directed toward seniors
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top 10 functional food trends:
plant based diets?
- whole grains/high fiber
- fruit and veggies- trying to include more
- limit meat intake
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top 10 functional food trends:
gourmet nutrition?
- popular dishes
- local meat and seafood
- sustainability
- breakfast foods- complex & variety
- low sodium
- fresh refriderator food
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top 10 functional food trends:
risk awareness on the rise?
- urinary and cardivascular claims
- aware among the young- heart healthy products, preventionm, mental health, diabetes
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top 10 functional food trends:
first aid?
- probiotics
- functional foods instead of medicine
- gluten free
- stress relief and relaxation
- immune system concerns
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top 10 functional food trends:
kids, dads, grandparents?
- growing products - decrease in fiber, increase in probiotics
- calcium, vit. d, vit. c
- biggest concerns: cholestrol, wt, heart health, mental, eye health
- mens impulse buys: snack foods, cereal, ice cream
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top 10 functional food trends:
liquidation?
- beverages up in sales
- trends: gut health, immunity, heart health
- other concerns: calcium, vit, min, antioxidants, green tea
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Native Americans:
high incidence of ?
____ prevelant
- lactose intolerance
- alcoholism, obesity and diabetes
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Africans:
___ is essential to culture
staples:
____ products uncommon
- religion
- pork, pork products, corn, greens, soul food
- dairy products
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Africans: Health Problems:
deficiencies:
diseases:
- calcium, iron, calories, some vit.
- obesity, type 2 diabetes
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Mexicans:
_____ largest non-euro ethnic group in U.S
____ is factor
few ___ products are used because of what?
higher rates of disease:
- latinos
- SES
- dairy - lactose intolerant
- pnemonia, flu, TB, obesity
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Filipino:
intolerances:
staple:
____ fat
types of fat used:
- lactose
- rice
- higher
- lard, cooking oil, monkey
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Mainland SE Asian:
intolerance?
staple:
illness's are classified how?
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Filipino: Nutritional Issues:
diseases:
intolerances:
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Mainland SE Asians: Nutritional Issues:
diseases in recent immigrants?
TB
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Healthcare systems:
reliance on ?
US spends alot more on?
- private sector
- gov't based programs
- cost
- access
- levels of healthcare
health care compared to other countries
-
Healthcare systems: Trends/Challenges:
fewer?
aging?
- hospitalized
- -higher level of core required for one hospital
- traditionally an acute, care system
- -treat problem only
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Levels of Healthcare systems?
- prevenative and primary care
- secondary and tertiarty care
- restorative and long term care
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Healthcare systems: Secondary and Tertiary care:
focus on?
facilities that focus on this?
- diagnosis and tx
- acute care
- tertiary care - organ transplate unit
- traditional hospitals
- physicians
- ER
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Healthcare systems: Nutrition therapy:
focus on?
facilities that focus on this?
- specific disease tx
- restorative care
- care for recovery
long term care- rehab
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Healthcare systems: Long term care:
what is it?
nutrition services?
maintenance,custodial and health services for chronically ill or disabled
patients at nutritonal risk
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Healthcare systems: health care financing:
based on?
types?
- health insurance
- -private (most)
- -public (medicaid, medicare)
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what is health insurance?
financial protection against health care cost
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what is CMS?
centers for medicare and medicaid services
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Which part of Medicare covers MNT?
what health conditions are covered?
what is the requirement that must be met for MNT to be covered?
- Part B
- diabetes, renal failure-no dialysis, post kidney
- BS or up + >900 hours practice and licensed
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Healthcare systems: Medicare: part A
eligiable?
works with hospital how?
Part B:
insurance?
program?
services?
- 65+ or end stage renal disease, social security disability
- hospital in patient charges are reimbursed
- medical insurance
- optional program
- outpatient services
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Healthcare systems: Medicaid:
gov't?
eligiable?
coverage?
federal but each state has own program
- low incomes or disabilities
- nutritional services-depends on state
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Issues currently facing the U.S healthcare system?
- the unisured
- high costs of heath care
- aging population
- higher levels of care required
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Healthcare systems: The uninsured:
usually who?
expensive forms of health care what happens?
- employed - small company, self employed
- results- cost shift to insured
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Healthcare systems: Healthcare reform law:
cant be denied when?
who has it now?
everyone gets it when?
insurance cant?
- for pre-exsisting condition
- children
- 2014
- drop you when you get sick
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Healthcare systems:
what are Health disparities?
factors?
poorer health for some racial and ethnic groups= infant mortality, mortality
- access to healthcare
- SES
- prevelance of risk factors
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what is patient centered health care?
health care team led by patients personal physician
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Marshall Islands:
what are some outside factors that have impacted the health of the people from these islands?
Is nutrition relevant to any of these factors?
nuclear testing, displacement, change in diet, overcrowding, poverty, poor nutritional status, TB easily spread
population became urbanized- poor sanitation
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Summerize the BMI formula?
strengths and weaknesses of using BMI ?
should BMI be part of routine health assessment?
weight divided by height squared
- s-cheap and easy
- w- doesnt use frame size, ignores gender
yes in combination with waist circumference
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what is life expectancy?
how has life expectancy changed over last 50-60 years
does body wt have impact on longevity?
amount of years estimated to live
education increase, technology
longevity has strong genetic componant
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what is food desert?
four objectives outlined by the Task force on childhood obesity?
will "lets move" be effective enough to tackle the problem of childhood obesity?
areas with limited access to affordable, quality, nutritious food
- ensure access to healthy, affordable food
- increase physical activity
- provide healthier food in schools
- empower parents with information
More resources are needed along with more backup from other people
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How is economics connected to nutrition?
- food marketing
- food costs
- access to food
- supply and demand of food
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Name some themes of issues in nutrition and dietetics?
- probiotics and prebiotics
- organic food
- low fat foods
- increase in grains and vegetables
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